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Síndrome de encefalopatía desencadenada por infección en niños: una perspectiva de neuroimagen
Jiah Shin1, Young Hun Choi2,3, Woo Joong Kim4
1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
Pediatric radiology
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Los síndromes de encefalopatía desencadenados por infección son afecciones cerebrales agudas relacionadas con la fiebre, diagnosticadas mediante hallazgos específicos de resonancia magnética. El reconocimiento de estos patrones de neuroimagen es crucial para un diagnóstico y pronóstico precisos en niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología Pediátrica
- Neurorradiología
- Enfermedades Infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los síndromes de encefalopatía desencadenados por infección (ITES) son encefalopatías agudas asociadas con enfermedades febriles.
- A diferencia de la encefalitis infecciosa o autoinmune, el ITES típicamente carece de invasión viral directa o patología mediada por anticuerpos.
- La excitotoxicidad y la tormenta de citoquinas se postulan como mecanismos patogénicos clave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la epidemiología, características clínicas y características de neuroimagen de los síndromes de encefalopatía desencadenados por infección.
- Enfatizar el papel crítico de los hallazgos de resonancia magnética (RM) en los criterios diagnósticos para ITES.
- Destacar los patrones radiológicos característicos esenciales para la clasificación diagnóstica y el pronóstico.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de datos epidemiológicos y presentaciones clínicas de ITES.
- Análisis de características de neuroimagen, particularmente hallazgos de RM.
- Énfasis en patrones radiológicos característicos como la 'apariencia de árbol brillante', afectación bilateral del tálamo y lesiones reversibles del esplenio.
Principales resultados:
- Los hallazgos de la RM son indispensables para confirmar el ITES y diferenciarlos de otras encefalopatías.
- Patrones radiológicos específicos ayudan en la clasificación diagnóstica y el pronóstico.
- La familiaridad con estos patrones es esencial para los radiólogos pediátricos para el reconocimiento temprano.
Conclusiones:
- La neuroimagen, especialmente la RM, es fundamental para diagnosticar síndromes de encefalopatía desencadenados por infección.
- Los hallazgos característicos de la RM son clave para clasificar el ITES y predecir los resultados.
- El reconocimiento temprano de estos patrones de neuroimagen por parte de los radiólogos pediátricos es vital para el manejo adecuado del paciente.
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