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¿Qué afecta la memoria de trabajo fonológica en signantes nativos sordos?

Neta Haluts1, Naama Friedmann1

  • 1Language and Brain Lab, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University.

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Resumen

La memoria de trabajo fonológica (pWM) en la lengua de señas muestra efectos similares a las lenguas habladas, como la lexicalidad y la posición serial. Estos hallazgos sugieren mecanismos de pWM libres de modalidad para procesar información.

Palabras clave:
memoria de trabajo fonológicalengua de señasprocesamiento visual-espacialpsicología cognitivalingüística

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Lingüística
  • Neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se sabe que la memoria de trabajo fonológica (pWM) es limitada y se ve afectada por factores como la longitud de la palabra y la lexicalidad en las lenguas habladas.
  • La investigación previa se ha centrado principalmente en modalidades auditivo-verbales, dejando menos explorados los aspectos específicos de la modalidad de la pWM.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las propiedades de la memoria de trabajo fonológica (pWM) en una modalidad visual-espacial: la Lengua de Señas Israelí (ISL).
  • Comparar los efectos de varios factores lingüísticos en la pWM en signantes frente a hablantes.

Principales métodos:

  • Se desarrolló y administró una batería de pruebas de cuatro tareas de recuerdo serial para ISL a 37 signantes nativos.
  • Las tareas incluyeron señas léxicas simples (movimiento de camino corto/largo), pseudoseñas y señas compuestas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los signantes exhibieron efectos de pWM similares a los hablantes, incluyendo lexicalidad, marcada fonológica y posición serial.
  • Los efectos de la duración de la seña se determinaron por el recuento de sílabas, no por la duración o el movimiento.
  • Los errores fonológicos en pseudoseñas involucraron principalmente la configuración de la mano, y las configuraciones marcadas produjeron más errores.

Conclusiones:

  • Las propiedades generales de la pWM se comparten entre lenguas habladas y de señas, lo que indica mecanismos cognitivos libres de modalidad.
  • Las similitudes sugieren que el procesamiento de información fonológica es consistente entre las modalidades auditivo-verbal y visual-espacial.
  • También se observaron diferencias relacionadas con la modalidad en la pWM, lo que justifica una mayor investigación.