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Cumplimiento de la prueba de cáncer colorrectal entre adultos de 45 a 75 años en un sistema de salud integrado: un
Marina Hanna1, Qin Sun2, Ari Bell-Brown3
1University of Washington Seattle United States.
Resumen
El cribado del cáncer colorrectal (CRC) aumentó para los adultos de 45 a 49 años después de que cambiaron las pautas. La colonoscopia y las pruebas inmunológicas fecales (FIT) fueron los métodos más comunes, mostrando una mejora en la finalización de la prueba CRC.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) actualizó las pautas en 2021, recomendando que el cribado del cáncer colorrectal (CRC) comience a los 45 años.
- Este cambio tenía como objetivo abordar el aumento de las tasas de CRC en adultos más jóvenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de la reducción de la edad de detección del CRC en las tasas de finalización de las pruebas.
- Analizar la utilización de diferentes modalidades de detección de CCR en adultos de 45 a 49 años en comparación con los grupos de mayor edad.
- Evaluar los cambios en la finalización del cribado de CRC y el uso de la modalidad entre 2021 y 2024.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño de estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.
- Se analizaron los registros electrónicos de salud de un sistema de salud integrado académico-comunitario.
- Se incluyeron adultos de 45 a 75 años elegibles para el cribado de CCR de 2021 a 2024, que examinaron la finalización y la modalidad de la prueba de CCR (colonoscopia, FIT, FIT-DNA, colonografía CT, sigmoidoscopia flexible).
Principales resultados:
- La finalización general de las pruebas CRC aumentó del 61.8% en 2021 al 70.8% en 2024.
- El grupo de edad de 45 a 49 años mostró el aumento más significativo en la finalización del cribado, aumentando del 25,6% al 51,7%.
- La colonoscopia y la prueba inmunocímica fecal (FIT) fueron las modalidades de detección predominantes, con aumentos notables en el uso de FIT y colonoscopia entre las personas de 45 a 49 años. Las disparidades raciales y étnicas en la finalización del cribado también disminuyeron.
Conclusiones:
- La recomendación del USPSTF de 2021 condujo a una mejor finalización de la prueba CRC, particularmente en el grupo de edad de 45 a 49 años.
- La colonoscopia y el FIT son los principales métodos de detección, lo que indica la adopción exitosa de estas modalidades.
- El alcance organizado y las diversas opciones de detección mejoran la finalización de la prueba CRC, aunque se necesitan más esfuerzos para cumplir con los objetivos nacionales de detección para los adultos más jóvenes.
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