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Identificación de la fuente y riesgos para la salud de los metales pesados en los sedimentos de humedales del Karst
Kun Dong1,2,3, Jiayu Yang1,2,3, Haixiang Li1,2,3
1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China.
Environmental geochemistry and health
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
Los metales pesados en los sedimentos de los humedales de Huixian presentan riesgos para la salud, especialmente para los niños. Las emisiones del tráfico son una fuente importante, lo que requiere un control de la contaminación dirigido para la salud ecológica y humana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ecotoxicología Ecotoxicología.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Huixian Wetland sufre contaminación por metales pesados (HM) de las actividades industriales, agrícolas y de la acuicultura.
- Existen evaluaciones limitadas de riesgos para la salud orientadas a la fuente para este ecosistema de humedales kársticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las fuentes de HM y los riesgos para la salud asociados en los sedimentos de los humedales del Karst de Guilin-Huixian.
- Integrar múltiples métodos analíticos para la distribución integral de las fuentes y la evaluación de riesgos.
Principales métodos:
- Empleado Componente Principal Absoluto Score-Múltiple Regresión Lineal (APCS-MLR) y Factorizar Matriz Positiva (PMF) para la distribución de fuentes.
- Utilizó el marco de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (USEPA) con un modelo de Monte Carlo para la evaluación de riesgos para la salud.
- Se analizaron siete HM (As, Hg, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) en 58 muestras de sedimentos de 18 ubicaciones.
Principales resultados:
- Las concentraciones de HM excedieron los valores de fondo, con la gravedad de la contaminación clasificada como Zn > Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Hg > Cu.
- La distribución por fuentes identificó las emisiones de tráfico (Ni, Pb, As, Cu), la actividad industrial (Hg, Cr) y las fuentes agrícolas no puntuales como contribuyentes clave.
- Riesgos para la salud: 43.1% de riesgo no cancerígeno para los niños, 18.5% de riesgo carcinógeno inaceptable para los niños, con arsénico (As) como el principal carcinógeno.
Conclusiones:
- Las emisiones del tráfico y las fuentes agrícolas no puntuales tienen un impacto significativo en la contaminación de los humedales.
- La mejora de la gestión de residuos industriales y el monitoreo regular son cruciales.
- La remediación específica de la fuente, especialmente para el arsénico (As), es vital para la seguridad ecológica y la salud pública.
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