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Relación entre el ácido úrico sérico y el riesgo de colitis ulcerosa y enfermedad de Crohn: un estudio prospectivo de

Yijing Tie^1,2, Peng Xie^3,4, Kuan Li^3,4

¹Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.

European journal of medical research

|February 12, 2026

Resumen

Los niveles bajos de ácido úrico sérico (AUS) aumentan el riesgo de colitis ulcerosa (UC), mientras que los altos niveles de AUS elevan el riesgo de Crohn.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gastroenterología y Hepatología.
Enfermedades metabólicas y endocrinas.
Epidemiología y Salud Pública.

Sus antecedentes:

Los niveles séricos de ácido úrico (ASU) están implicados en diversas enfermedades, influyendo potencialmente en los procesos inflamatorios.
Existen datos epidemiológicos limitados sobre la asociación entre los niveles de AUE y el riesgo de colitis ulcerosa (CU) y enfermedad de Crohn (EC).

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre los niveles séricos de ácido úrico (ASU) y la incidencia de colitis ulcerosa (UC) y enfermedad de Crohn (EC).
Explorar las posibles funciones diferenciales de la SUA en la patogénesis de la UC y la CD.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio de cohorte a gran escala que involucró a 438.155 participantes del Biobanco del Reino Unido fue seguido desde 2006-2010.
Diagnóstico de 1904 casos de UC y 913 de CD durante un seguimiento medio de 12,6 años.
Análisis de los niveles de SUA categorizados en cuartiles específicos de género utilizando regresión de Cox y líneas cúbicas restringidas.

Principales resultados:

Los niveles bajos de ASU (Q1, <4,0 mg/dL) se asociaron significativamente con un mayor riesgo de UC (HR=1,27-1,30).
Los niveles altos de AUS (Q6, ≥8,0 mg/dL) se asociaron significativamente con un mayor riesgo de EC (RH=1,50).
Los análisis de subgrupos revelaron asociaciones en hombres para UC y mujeres para CD, y en adultos mayores, individuos con sobrepeso, bebedores de alcohol y nunca fumadores.

Conclusiones:

Este estudio sugiere que los niveles séricos de ácido úrico (ASU) pueden actuar como factores de riesgo diferenciales para la UC y la CD.
Un bajo SUA está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de UC, mientras que un alto SUA está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de CD.
Los hallazgos ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre los distintos roles de la SUA en la patogénesis de estas enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales.

Palabras clave:

La enfermedad de Crohn es la enfermedad de Crohn.El ácido úrico sérico en suero.El Biobanco del Reino Unido.La colitis ulcerosa también se conoce como colitis ulcerosa.

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