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Impactos del calor en la calidad del sueño de los trabajadores expuestos al calor: una revisión sistemática
Maarthi Raja1, Vidhya Venugopal1, D C Mathangi2
1Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Annals of occupational and environmental medicine
|February 12, 2026
Resumen
La exposición al calor ocupacional empeora significativamente la calidad y la duración del sueño de los trabajadores. Abordar esto requiere integrar el apoyo al sueño en las estrategias de gestión del estrés por calor para mejorar el bienestar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud ocupacional y salud en el trabajo.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Ciencia del sueño Ciencia del sueño Ciencia del sueño
Sus antecedentes:
- El cambio climático exacerba la exposición ocupacional al calor, aumentando los riesgos de enfermedades relacionadas con el calor y perjudicando el sueño esencial.
- Los trabajadores se enfrentan a una mayor vulnerabilidad debido a la exposición prolongada al calor, el acceso inadecuado a la refrigeración y las malas condiciones de alojamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia global sobre el impacto de la exposición al calor ocupacional en la calidad del sueño de los trabajadores.
- Para identificar umbrales específicos de exposición al calor y grupos de trabajadores más afectados por la interrupción del sueño.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices de síntesis sin metanálisis (SWiM).
- Buscado PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar (2000-2025) para estudios sobre trabajadores adultos con exposición al calor y resultados de sueño.
- Incluyó 11 estudios de diversos entornos globales, analizando datos utilizando herramientas validadas de evaluación del sueño.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia consistente muestra que la exposición al calor ocupacional perjudica la calidad y la duración del sueño.
- Los trastornos del sueño más comunes incluyen dificultad para conciliar el sueño (64%), inquietud (54%) y reducción del tiempo total de sueño (45%).
- Las temperaturas nocturnas >25°C y las altas temperaturas del globo terrestre se correlacionan con una reducción de la eficiencia del sueño y un retraso en el inicio del sueño.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición al calor ocupacional interrumpe significativamente el sueño, creando una doble carga para los trabajadores.
- Las poblaciones vulnerables incluyen trabajadores por turnos, trabajadores en industrias de calor extremo, mujeres, adultos mayores e individuos de bajos ingresos en islas de calor urbanas.
- La integración de las consideraciones del sueño en la gestión del estrés por calor, incluidos los horarios de enfriamiento, alojamiento y descanso, es crucial para el bienestar de los trabajadores.
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