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Diagnóstico Veterinario de Atención al Paciente Mediante Espectroscopía Vis-NIR: Oportunidades Actuales y Direcciones
Sofia Rosa1, Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira1,2,3, Rui Martins4
1Animal and Veterinary Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|February 13, 2026
Resumen
La espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano visible (Vis-NIR) ofrece diagnósticos veterinarios rápidos y no invasivos en el punto de atención. La combinación de Vis-NIR con Inteligencia Artificial de Autoaprendizaje (SLAI) supera las limitaciones, mejorando las evaluaciones de la salud animal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Diagnóstico veterinario
- Espectroscopía
- Pruebas en el punto de atención
Sus antecedentes:
- La espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano visible (Vis-NIR) está emergiendo para el diagnóstico en el punto de atención.
- Ofrece ventajas sobre métodos complejos como la espectroscopía Raman y FTIR.
- Vis-NIR es rápido, no invasivo, libre de reactivos y adecuado para dispositivos portátiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el potencial de la espectroscopía Vis-NIR en medicina veterinaria.
- Destacar sus beneficios y aplicaciones en el diagnóstico animal.
- Explorar soluciones para sus limitaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Dirigir luz de banda ancha (por ejemplo, LED) a las muestras (sangre, orina, heces).
- Recopilar datos espectrales basados en vibraciones moleculares.
- Analizar datos espectrales utilizando métodos quimiométricos e Inteligencia Artificial de Autoaprendizaje (SLAI).
Principales resultados:
- Las aplicaciones exitosas incluyen el análisis de hemogramas en perros, gatos y salmones.
- Se logró la cuantificación de sangre en heces de oveja para la detección de parásitos.
- SLAI mitigó eficazmente las interferencias espectrales del agua y la hemoglobina.
Conclusiones:
- La espectroscopía Vis-NIR es un complemento valioso para las pruebas de laboratorio centralizadas.
- Acelera las decisiones clínicas y reduce el estrés animal durante la evaluación.
- Mejora las capacidades de diagnóstico para la salud humana y animal, apoyando el concepto de Una Salud.
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