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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Compuestos de Polímeros Bioactivos para Implantes Óseos Impresos en 3D: Una Revisión Sistemática

Anastassiya Khrustaleva1, Dmitriy Khrustalev1, Azamat Yedrissov1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.

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Los compuestos de polímeros bioactivos para andamios óseos muestran promesa pero carecen de multifuncionalidad y validación in vivo. La investigación futura debe centrarse en la incorporación de agentes antimicrobianos y moléculas bioactivas para mejorar las aplicaciones de medicina regenerativa.

Palabras clave:
impresión 3Dfabricación aditivacompuestos bioactivospolímeros bioactivosingeniería de tejidos óseos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina Regenerativa
  • Ciencia de Biomateriales
  • Ingeniería de Materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los compuestos bioactivos a base de polímeros son cruciales para la medicina regenerativa.
  • Los polímeros termoplásticos sintéticos como el ácido poliláctico (PLA) y la policaprolactona (PCL) se utilizan ampliamente para andamios óseos que soportan carga.
  • La investigación actual a menudo utiliza hidroxiapatita (HA) o vidrio bioactivo (BG) para la osteoconductividad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar tendencias y lagunas de conocimiento en compuestos de polímeros bioactivos para la ingeniería de tejidos óseos.
  • Examinar la relevancia traslacional del diseño de materiales para andamios que soportan carga.
  • Centrarse en polímeros termoplásticos sintéticos y fabricación aditiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis bibliométrico y de contenido de 546 publicaciones (2016-2025).
  • Cribado y selección de 106 estudios relevantes.
  • Análisis de trayectorias de investigación en materiales compuestos bioactivos.

Principales resultados:

  • La mayoría de los estudios utilizan compuestos de PLA o PCL con HA o BG, logrando osteoconductividad pero con multifuncionalidad limitada.
  • Los agentes antimicrobianos, los componentes que liberan iones y las moléculas bioactivas naturales están subrepresentados.
  • Menos del 20% de los estudios incluyen validación in vivo, lo que indica la necesidad de más investigación preclínica.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe un alcance significativo para mejorar los compuestos de polímeros bioactivos con multifuncionalidad.
  • La investigación futura debe priorizar la incorporación de diversos agentes bioactivos y el aumento de la validación in vivo.
  • Se necesita un marco estructurado para diseñar materiales de ingeniería de tejidos óseos de próxima generación.