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Entrenamiento Funcional de Alta Intensidad para Adultos Mayores con Discapacidades de Movilidad: Un Estudio Piloto de

Lyndsie M Koon1, Joseph E Donnelly2, Jacob J Sosnoff3

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Resumen

El entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad (HIFT) basado en la comunidad es factible para adultos mayores con discapacidades de movilidad. El estudio piloto mostró efectos positivos en la función, la resistencia y la capacidad de trabajo, lo que indica la aceptabilidad del programa.

Palabras clave:
ejercicio adaptadointervención comunitariaviabilidadentrenamiento funcional de alta intensidaddiscapacidad de movilidadadultos mayoresfunción física

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Ciencia de la Rehabilitación
  • Fisiología del Ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

  • Existe evidencia limitada sobre programas de ejercicio basados en la comunidad para adultos mayores con discapacidades de movilidad a largo plazo.
  • Estudio piloto para evaluar la viabilidad y efectividad preliminar del Entrenamiento Funcional de Alta Intensidad (HIFT) basado en la comunidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la viabilidad y aceptabilidad de un programa HIFT basado en la comunidad.
  • Evaluar la efectividad preliminar del HIFT en la función física y la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con limitaciones de movilidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Ensayo de viabilidad de grupo único, pre-post, realizado en cuatro instalaciones de HIFT.
  • 10 participantes (edad media 69,8 años) completaron 16 semanas de HIFT grupal tres veces por semana.
  • Se evaluó la función física, la movilidad, el equilibrio, la fuerza, la capacidad de trabajo y la calidad de vida.

Principales resultados:

  • Se documentaron tasas de reclutamiento (38%) y retención (77%); la asistencia fue del 58% (80% con sesiones de recuperación).
  • Se observaron mejoras significativas en las actividades funcionales identificadas por los participantes (gran efecto), la eficacia de la caída (gran efecto) y la resistencia (efecto sustancial).
  • Se obtuvieron ganancias modestas en la función física estandarizada, la movilidad, el equilibrio, la fuerza y la calidad de vida; la capacidad de trabajo aumentó significativamente.

Conclusiones:

  • El HIFT basado en la comunidad es una intervención factible y aceptable para adultos mayores que experimentan discapacidades de movilidad.
  • El programa demostró seguridad y tolerabilidad, con impactos positivos en los resultados funcionales y la resistencia.