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Duración del sueño y cognición en adultos mayores: Un modelo de mediación moderada
Wenjuan Zhong1, Jiawei Diao1, Bin Li2
1College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
Experimental aging research
|February 13, 2026
Resumen
Una menor duración del sueño se relaciona con una peor cognición en adultos mayores, con la depresión desempeñando un papel clave. La ayuda autopercibida y el estado de salud pueden influir en esta relación, sugiriendo objetivos de intervención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Ciencia Cognitiva
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La duración del sueño es un factor crítico en la salud cognitiva de los adultos mayores.
- La depresión es una comorbilidad común que puede influir en la función cognitiva.
- La comprensión de los factores moderadores como el apoyo social y la percepción de la salud es crucial para intervenciones específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la duración del sueño y la función cognitiva en adultos de 60 años o más.
- Examinar el efecto mediador de la depresión en la relación sueño-cognición.
- Explorar los roles moderadores de la ayuda autopercibida y la salud autoevaluada.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud y Jubilación de China (CHARLS), una muestra representativa a nivel nacional.
- Se incluyeron 6832 adultos de 60 años o más.
- Se empleó SPSS 26.0 y el Macro de Procesos SPSS (Modelos 4, 59 y 76) para el análisis estadístico.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que la depresión mediaba la relación entre la duración del sueño y la función cognitiva.
- La ayuda autopercibida y la salud autoevaluada moderaron significativamente el efecto indirecto dentro del modelo de mediación.
- La moderación combinada de la ayuda autopercibida y la salud autoevaluada demostró un efecto más significativo en el impacto de la duración del sueño en la depresión.
Conclusiones:
- La depresión, la ayuda autopercibida y la salud autoevaluada son factores significativos que influyen en la interacción entre el sueño y la cognición en adultos mayores.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a aumentar el apoyo social (ayuda autopercibida) podrían ser efectivas para mitigar la depresión y mejorar la función cognitiva.
- Las políticas de salud pública deben considerar estos factores para promover un mejor sueño, salud mental y bienestar cognitivo en la población que envejece.
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