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Efecto de mejora del rendimiento postactivación de diferentes modalidades de entrenamiento pliométrico en el sprint
Wenhao Qu1,2, Wuwen Peng1,2, Yueming Li1,3
1School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
PloS one
|February 13, 2026
Resumen
El entrenamiento pliométrico de salto vertical mostró potencial para mejorar el rendimiento del sprint, pero el entrenamiento horizontal y combinado no produjo efectos significativos de mejora del rendimiento postactivación (PAPE). Se necesita más investigación para confirmar estos hallazgos en diversas poblaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del Deporte
- Fisiología del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La mejora del rendimiento postactivación (PAPE) es un fenómeno en el que una actividad de acondicionamiento (CA) previa puede mejorar el rendimiento explosivo posterior.
- El entrenamiento pliométrico, que involucra ciclos de estiramiento-acortamiento, es una CA común utilizada para mejorar el rendimiento atlético.
- Las diferentes modalidades pliométricas pueden influir de manera diferente en los efectos del PAPE en el rendimiento del sprint.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico de salto vertical (VJ-PT), el entrenamiento pliométrico de salto horizontal (HJ-PT) y el entrenamiento pliométrico de salto combinado (CJ-PT) en el PAPE en el rendimiento del sprint de corta distancia.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un diseño cruzado aleatorizado con 12 participantes masculinos.
- Los participantes completaron tres intervenciones de entrenamiento: VJ-PT, HJ-PT y CJ-PT, cada una involucrando 2 series x 6 repeticiones.
- Se evaluó el rendimiento del sprint de 5 metros antes de la intervención y a los 4, 8, 12 y 16 minutos posteriores al entrenamiento utilizando el sistema Smart Speed.
Principales resultados:
- No se encontraron efectos estadísticamente significativos de tiempo, intervención o interacción en el rendimiento del sprint.
- El VJ-PT demostró tamaños de efecto moderados para el rendimiento del sprint de 5 metros, particularmente a los 4-8 minutos posteriores al entrenamiento.
- El HJ-PT y el CJ-PT mostraron efectos negativos pequeños, sin PAPE significativo observado.
- La correlación de Pearson no reveló asociaciones significativas entre el rendimiento del sprint y el tiempo hasta el pico de PAPE.
Conclusiones:
- El VJ-PT puede ofrecer beneficios potenciales para el rendimiento del sprint de corta distancia, aunque los hallazgos son preliminares.
- El HJ-PT y el CJ-PT no produjeron efectos significativos de PAPE, posiblemente debido a diferencias en el tiempo hasta el pico o fatiga acumulada.
- La investigación futura debe involucrar muestras más grandes y diversas, controlar los factores de confusión y utilizar medidas como la electromiografía de superficie para dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes.
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