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Integración de la actividad física en la atención de la quimioterapia: Recomendaciones de un análisis cualitativo
Rebecca Cesnik1, Brea Kunstler2, Kellie Toohey3
1ACT Health and Community Services Directorate, ACT, Australia; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Resumen
La actividad física (AF) durante la quimioterapia es beneficiosa pero limitada. Este estudio identificó 54 barreras y propone intervenciones, incluida la integración de especialistas en ejercicio, para aumentar la AF en la atención del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Ciencia del Ejercicio
- Ciencia Conductual
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física (AF) durante la quimioterapia ofrece importantes beneficios para el paciente.
- La participación del paciente en la AF durante el tratamiento sigue siendo notablemente baja.
- La comprensión de las barreras es crucial para integrar la AF en la atención rutinaria del cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las barreras para la actividad física (AF) durante la quimioterapia.
- Desarrollar recomendaciones para integrar la AF en la práctica clínica.
- Identificar estrategias para mejorar la participación del paciente en el ejercicio durante el tratamiento del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de 40 médicos, 10 cuidadores y 23 pacientes en quimioterapia.
- Se extrajeron barreras y facilitadores de grupos focales y entrevistas.
- Se mapearon los hallazgos al Marco de Dominios Teóricos y la Rueda del Cambio de Comportamiento (BCW) para el diseño de intervenciones.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 54 barreras en los dominios de capacidad, oportunidad y motivación.
- Se destacó la complejidad de integrar la AF en la atención estándar de la quimioterapia.
- Se propuso apoyo organizacional para los médicos y la incorporación de especialistas en ejercicio.
Conclusiones:
- La integración de la AF en la atención oncológica requiere una estrategia multinivel.
- Aumentar el acceso a especialistas en ejercicio es clave.
- Apoyar a los equipos multidisciplinarios en la provisión de educación sobre AF aborda las barreras de integración.
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