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Enfoques proteómicos basados en espectrometría de masas para la estimación del intervalo post mortem: una revisión

Rakshita Gautam1, Akansha Das1, Sachil Kumar1

  • 1Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of forensic and legal medicine
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La proteómica basada en espectrometría de masas ofrece un método sensible para estimar el intervalo post mortem (IPM) mediante el análisis de la degradación de proteínas. Se necesita una mayor estandarización y validación para la aplicación forense rutinaria.

Palabras clave:
BiomarcadoresProteómica forenseLC–MS/MSEspectrometría de masasIntervalo post mortemDegradación de proteínasTiempo desde la muerte

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Forenses
  • Bioquímica
  • Química Analítica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La estimación precisa del intervalo post mortem (IPM) es crucial en las investigaciones forenses.
  • Los métodos tradicionales de IPM se ven afectados por varios factores, lo que limita su fiabilidad.
  • La proteómica basada en espectrometría de masas (EM) ofrece un enfoque novedoso al analizar la degradación de proteínas dependiente del tiempo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar sistemáticamente los avances recientes en técnicas proteómicas basadas en EM para la estimación del IPM.
  • Identificar biomarcadores proteicos reproducibles que indiquen degradación post mortem.
  • Evaluar la aplicabilidad forense de estos enfoques proteómicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Búsqueda sistemática de literatura (2020-2025) en PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect.
  • Inclusión de estudios de investigación originales que utilizan proteómica basada en EM para la estimación del IPM.
  • Exclusión de revisiones, artículos no ingleses y duplicados; extracción de datos independiente.

Principales resultados:

  • Veintiún estudios incluidos (10 humanos, 10 muestras animales).
  • Músculo esquelético, hueso, hígado, corazón y encía fueron tejidos comunes analizados.
  • Proteínas como la tropomiosina, GAPDH, desmina, tubulina y eEF1A2 mostraron patrones de degradación reproducibles.
  • Se emplearon diversas técnicas de EM (GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, MALDI-MS).
  • La variabilidad significativa en los protocolos exige estandarización.

Conclusiones:

  • La proteómica basada en EM proporciona un método sensible y objetivo para la estimación del IPM.
  • Varios biomarcadores proteicos muestran utilidad forense potencial.
  • Se requiere estandarización, estudios de validación humana más amplios y paneles de múltiples proteínas para una aplicación forense más amplia.