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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

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Avances metodológicos para analizar los efectos de la MEC derivada de fibroblastos asociados al cáncer en la

Annalisa Tocci¹, Lorenzo Valenti¹, Nicla Porciello¹

¹Tumor of Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.

Methods in cell biology

|February 13, 2026

Abstract:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex ecosystem composed of tumor cells and various non-cancerous cell types, embedded within an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). In solid tumors, the ECM plays multiple roles: it provides mechanical support, delivers signaling molecules and transmits biophysical stimuli that influence cellular functions. Various cell types, primarily cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells such as macrophages, actively participate in the secretion and remodeling of ECM. However, whether the ECM directly instructs or educates immune cells, particularly macrophages within the TME, remains poorly understood. Here, we present a protocol to investigate the impact of ECM derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CAFs on macrophage state.

Palabras clave:

Fibroblastos asociados al cáncer Matriz extracelular decelularizada Matriz extracelular Citometría de flujo Polarización de macrófagos Macrófagos Cáncer de pulmón no microcítico

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