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Enfermedad mental, salud mental y bienestar mental

Tyler J VanderWeele¹, Byron R Johnson², Matt Bradshaw²

¹Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts, MA, USA. tvanderw@hsph.harvard.edu.

Npj mental health research

|February 13, 2026

Resumen

La salud mental es más que la simple ausencia de enfermedad; incluye el bienestar mental positivo. Esta distinción es crucial para mejorar las estrategias de atención de la salud mental y de salud pública.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología
Salud Pública
Atención de la Salud Mental

Sus antecedentes:

La salud mental a menudo se define de manera restrictiva como la ausencia de enfermedad mental.
Cada vez se reconoce más una definición más amplia que abarca el bienestar mental positivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar evidencia que distinga entre la ausencia de enfermedad mental y el bienestar mental positivo.
Destacar las implicaciones de esta distinción para diversos sectores.

Principales métodos:

Análisis conceptual.
Evidencia empírica.
Evidencia causal.

Principales resultados:

Se estableció una clara distinción entre la ausencia de enfermedad mental y el bienestar mental positivo.
La evidencia apoya la visión de estos como constructos separados pero relacionados.

Conclusiones:

El bienestar mental positivo requiere una atención distinta en la práctica clínica, las políticas y la salud pública.
La integración del enfoque en el bienestar positivo puede complementar los esfuerzos existentes en el tratamiento y la prevención de enfermedades mentales.

Palabras clave:

salud mental bienestar mental enfermedad mental definición de salud mental salud pública

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