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Convencional vs. Hemorroidectomía Láser para Hemorroides Sintomáticas: Un Meta-Análisis

Chaoyang Wang¹, Yihang Liu¹, Ziqian Wang¹

¹Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

|February 14, 2026

Resumen

La hemorroidoplastia con láser de diodo (DLH) es más eficaz y segura que la hemorroidectomía convencional (CH) para el tratamiento de las hemorroides sintomáticas. La DLH reduce significativamente la pérdida de sangre, el sangrado postoperatorio y el dolor, lo que conduce a una recuperación más rápida.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía Colorrectal
Procedimientos Mínimamente Invasivos
Terapéutica con Láser

Sus antecedentes:

Las hemorroides sintomáticas afectan a una parte importante de la población.
Las técnicas convencionales de hemorroidectomía (CH), como la Milligan-Morgan (MMH) y la Ferguson (FH), son tratamientos estándar pero pueden implicar un dolor y un tiempo de recuperación considerables.

Objetivo del estudio:

Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de la hemorroidoplastia con láser de diodo (DLH) frente a la hemorroidectomía convencional (CH) para las hemorroides sintomáticas.
Evaluar los resultados, incluida la pérdida de sangre, el dolor, las complicaciones y las tasas de recurrencia.

Principales métodos:

Un meta-análisis sistemático de 13 estudios elegibles identificados a través de búsquedas exhaustivas en bases de datos (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus).
El análisis estadístico empleó modelos de efectos aleatorios y de efectos fijos, informando los resultados con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.
La heterogeneidad se evaluó utilizando la estadística I2.

Principales resultados:

La DLH demostró una pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria significativamente reducida en comparación con la MMH y la FH (DM = -20,19 mL).
La DLH dio lugar a tasas más bajas de sangrado postoperatorio (OR = 0,32) y significativamente menos dolor postoperatorio de forma inmediata y a la una semana.
No se observaron diferencias significativas en las tasas de recurrencia u otras complicaciones importantes entre la DLH y la CH.

Conclusiones:

La hemorroidoplastia con láser de diodo (DLH) presenta una alternativa superior a la hemorroidectomía convencional (CH) para las hemorroides sintomáticas.
La DLH ofrece ventajas significativas en términos de reducción de la pérdida de sangre, el sangrado postoperatorio y el dolor, mejorando la recuperación del paciente y los perfiles de seguridad.

Palabras clave:

Hemorroidectomía con láser de diodo Hemorroidectomía convencional Hemorroides sintomáticas Meta-análisis Pérdida de sangre Dolor postoperatorio Sangrado postoperatorio

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