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Sesgo de Error de Automatización, Confianza y Comportamientos de Dependencia en una Tarea Simulada de Evasión de

Austin Jackson¹, Tetsuya Sato², Jeffrey Glassman¹

¹Old Dominion University, USA.

|February 14, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio muestra que los tipos de error de automatización, como fallos y falsas alarmas, afectan sistemáticamente la confianza y la dependencia del usuario en los sistemas de evasión de colisiones de drones. Comprender estos sesgos es clave para diseñar sistemas automatizados confiables.

Área de la Ciencia:

Interacción Humano-Computadora
Psicología Cognitiva
Robótica

Sus antecedentes:

Investigaciones previas resaltan efectos asimétricos de los errores de automatización (fallos, falsas alarmas) en el cumplimiento y la dependencia del usuario.
Las razones subyacentes de estos efectos asimétricos —salience perceptual versus calibración de la confianza— siguen sin estar claras.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo los sesgos de error en una ayuda de decisión automatizada influyen en los comportamientos de confianza y dependencia.
Examinar el impacto de la automatización propensa a fallos frente a la propensa a falsas alarmas en la confianza y dependencia del usuario en una tarea simulada de evasión de colisiones de drones.

Principales métodos:

Sesenta y ocho participantes participaron en una tarea simulada de monitoreo de drones con una ayuda automatizada de evasión de colisiones.
Se manipuló el sesgo de error de la ayuda (propensa a fallos frente a propensa a falsas alarmas) con salience perceptual igualada.
Las medidas incluyeron calificaciones de confianza en la automatización y comportamientos de dependencia (cumplimiento, dependencia).

Principales resultados:

Los participantes exhibieron una disminución de la confianza en múltiples factores al interactuar con automatización poco confiable, independientemente del tipo de sesgo de error.
Las tasas de cumplimiento fueron más altas con la automatización propensa a fallos en comparación con la automatización propensa a falsas alarmas.
Las tasas de dependencia mostraron un patrón inverso, siendo más altas con la automatización propensa a falsas alarmas.

Conclusiones:

El sesgo de error de automatización influye sistemáticamente en los comportamientos de cumplimiento y dependencia del usuario.
Los errores de fallos y falsas alarmas con salience igualada degradan la confianza del usuario, lo que podría obstaculizar el desarrollo de la confianza basada en el rendimiento.
Los diseñadores de sistemas deben considerar los impactos del tipo de error en la dependencia para calibrar adecuadamente la confianza y mejorar la transparencia.

Palabras clave:

movilidad aérea avanzada dependencia de la automatización cumplimiento interacción humano-automatización fiabilidad confianza confianza en la automatización sistemas de advertencia

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