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Composición de la microbiota de la leche humana según los métodos de almacenamiento y procesamiento en Corea
Changin Oh1, Insoo Kang2, Ben Kang3
1Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Nutrition research and practice
|February 16, 2026
Resumen
El almacenamiento de la leche humana (LH) a -20 °C durante una semana y la descongelación con un calentador de biberones preservan mejor su microbiota beneficiosa. Otros métodos alteran significativamente la composición microbiana, afectando la salud infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Nutrición infantil
- Investigación sobre la leche humana
Sus antecedentes:
- La microbiota de la leche humana (LH) es crucial para el desarrollo infantil.
- La preservación de la microbiota de la LH durante el almacenamiento y la descongelación es vital pero no se comprende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos de la duración del almacenamiento, la temperatura y los métodos de descongelación en la microbiota de la LH.
- Determinar los protocolos óptimos de almacenamiento y descongelación de la LH para la preservación de la microbiota.
Principales métodos:
- Se recogieron muestras de LH de madres lactantes.
- Se almacenaron muestras a temperatura ambiente, refrigeración y -20 °C durante 1-4 semanas.
- Se descongelaron muestras utilizando métodos de temperatura ambiente, calentador de biberones y microondas.
- Se analizó la composición y diversidad de la microbiota.
Principales resultados:
- El almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente durante 1 semana y a -20 °C durante 4 semanas redujo significativamente la diversidad de la microbiota.
- El almacenamiento a -20 °C durante 1 semana mostró la mayor similitud microbiana con la LH inicial.
- La descongelación en microondas causó la mayor alteración en la composición de la microbiota.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda almacenar la LH a -20 °C hasta por una semana.
- La descongelación de la LH utilizando un calentador de biberones es el método preferido.
- Estos métodos preservan mejor la microbiota beneficiosa de la LH para la salud infantil.
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