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Fijación catalítica de nitrógeno utilizando complejos de molibdeno-oxo que portan ligandos pinza tipo PCP basados en

Yoshikatsu Kameda¹, Shun Suginome¹, Taiji Nakamura²

¹Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|February 17, 2026

Resumen

Los complejos de molibdeno-oxo, previamente desestimados, ahora se muestran como precursores efectivos para la síntesis sostenible de amoníaco. Estos catalizadores facilitan la fijación de nitrógeno utilizando agua en condiciones ambientales, ofreciendo una alternativa más ecológica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Química Sostenible
Química Inorgánica

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo de catalizadores moleculares compatibles con el agua es crucial para la síntesis sostenible de amoníaco.
Las especies metal-oxo se consideran típicamente subproductos inactivos en las reacciones de fijación de nitrógeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar complejos de molibdeno-oxo catiónicos con ligandos pinza tipo PCP como catalizadores potenciales para la formación de amoníaco.
Desafiar la visión convencional de las especies metal-oxo como subproductos no catalíticos.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis de complejos de molibdeno-oxo catiónicos.
Síntesis catalítica de amoníaco utilizando N2, SmI2 y agua en condiciones ambientales.
Reacciones estequiométricas, análisis electroquímico y cálculos DFT para dilucidar el mecanismo catalítico.

Principales resultados:

Los complejos de molibdeno-oxo catalizaron eficazmente la formación de amoníaco, produciendo hasta 22.000 equivalentes.
Las especies activas se identificaron como complejos de nitruro de molibdeno, formados in situ a partir de los precursores de oxo.
El mecanismo de conversión de oxo a nitruro implica la abstracción de oxígeno o la protonación/reducción seguida de la escisión de N2.

Conclusiones:

Los complejos de molibdeno-oxo son precursores de catalizadores viables y versátiles, no especies sin salida.
Este trabajo abre nuevas vías para el diseño de catalizadores para la fijación sostenible de nitrógeno.
Los hallazgos contribuyen al desarrollo de procesos de síntesis de amoníaco respetuosos con el medio ambiente.

Palabras clave:

fijación de nitrógeno síntesis de amoníaco complejos de molibdeno ligandos pinza catálisis química sostenible química inorgánica oxo a nitruro agua condiciones ambientales

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