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Subsidios a la anticoncepción: efectos en la cobertura anticonceptiva, los abortos y los nacimientos
1Lund University, Department of Economics, Sweden.
Journal of health economics
|February 17, 2026
Resumen
La Ley de Cuidado de Salud Asequible
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía de la Salud
- Salud Reproductiva
- Política Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La expansión del seguro médico impacta la fertilidad a través del acceso a la anticoncepción y los costos de tener hijos.
- La expansión de Medicaid de la Ley de Cuidado de Salud Asequible ofrece información sobre estos efectos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los efectos de la expansión de Medicaid de la Ley de Cuidado de Salud Asequible en la provisión de anticonceptivos, nacimientos y abortos.
- Distinguir el papel de la anticoncepción subsidiada en los resultados de fertilidad.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon modelos de diferencias en diferencias con datos a nivel estatal.
- Se analizaron datos sobre provisión de anticonceptivos, nacimientos y abortos.
- Se sintetizaron los resultados para aislar el impacto de la anticoncepción subsidiada.
Principales resultados:
- La expansión de Medicaid aumentó significativamente la provisión de anticonceptivos, especialmente los métodos hormonales de acción corta.
- Las tasas de natalidad de adolescentes disminuyeron un 5% debido al aumento de la elegibilidad de los padres.
- Las tasas de natalidad generales no mostraron cambios significativos; los efectos del aborto fueron imprecisos pero sugirieron reducciones en adolescentes.
- Las simulaciones indicaron reducciones del 1-2% en las tasas de embarazo y natalidad atribuibles a la anticoncepción subsidiada.
Conclusiones:
- Los subsidios anticonceptivos de Medicaid redujeron modestamente los embarazos, abortos y nacimientos.
- Las barreras financieras para la atención de la salud reproductiva no son el principal impulsor del comportamiento general de fertilidad.
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