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Intervenciones económicamente viables basadas en la población para promover el comportamiento de actividad física

Anna-Maiju Leinonen¹, Sanna Huikari², Mikko Kärmeniemi³

¹Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, P.O. Box 365, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, IN-90014 Oulu, Finland.

Preventive medicine

|February 17, 2026

Resumen

Las intervenciones poblacionales de actividad física muestran una rentabilidad variable. El consejo adaptado por computadora fue el más viable, pero se necesitan métodos estandarizados para evaluaciones económicas precisas de los programas de promoción de la salud.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública
Economía de la Salud
Ciencia Conductual

Sus antecedentes:

La inactividad física representa importantes desafíos para la salud pública y la economía.
Las intervenciones poblacionales efectivas son cruciales para promover la actividad física.
Evaluar la viabilidad económica de estas intervenciones es esencial para la asignación de recursos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar sistemáticamente la rentabilidad de las intervenciones poblacionales de actividad física.
Identificar intervenciones que promuevan con éxito el comportamiento de actividad física utilizando mediciones válidas.
Sintetizar los hallazgos sobre el impacto económico de diferentes estrategias de promoción de la actividad física.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura en cinco bases de datos electrónicas en enero de 2021.
Los estudios incluidos fueron evaluaciones económicas basadas en ensayos que evaluaron intervenciones de actividad física.
Se armonizaron los resultados sobre el tamaño del efecto y la rentabilidad (relación costo-efectividad incremental, ICER) para su comparación.

Principales resultados:

Cinco estudios incluidos, centrados principalmente en intervenciones basadas en material impreso.
Los valores de ICER oscilaron entre $0.15 y $4.14 por hora de equivalente metabólico ganado.
El consejo de actividad física adaptado por computadora demostró la mayor viabilidad económica.

Conclusiones:

Pocos estudios han demostrado efectos positivos en el comportamiento de actividad física junto con evaluaciones de rentabilidad a nivel poblacional.
Se necesitan cálculos de costos precisos, mediciones de actividad física de alta calidad y consideración de las variaciones individuales para futuras investigaciones.
Se requieren metodologías estandarizadas para evaluaciones de rentabilidad consistentes y confiables de las intervenciones de actividad física.

Palabras clave:

Cambio de comportamiento Análisis de rentabilidad Promoción de la salud Intervención Actividad física

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