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Opciones de alimentación cruzada definen la evolución genómica y el ensamblaje de comunidades del microbioma de aguas

Maryam Rezaei Somee¹, Carolina González-Rosales², Matti Gralka³

¹Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden. maryam.rezaeisomee@lnu.se.

Environmental microbiome

|February 18, 2026

Resumen

Microbios de aguas subterráneas profundas con genomas más grandes prosperan en entornos con recursos limitados. La alimentación cruzada metabólica y las interacciones ecológicas dan forma significativamente a la evolución genómica microbiana y al ensamblaje de comunidades en estos ecosistemas únicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Geomicrobiología
Ciencia de Ecosistemas

Sus antecedentes:

Las aguas subterráneas profundas representan ecosistemas muy limitados en energía y nutrientes.
Las comunidades microbianas en estos entornos enfrentan limitaciones de nutrientes y dispersión, bajas densidades celulares y crecimiento episódico.
Comprender la dinámica ecoevolutiva de los microbiomas de aguas subterráneas profundas es un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo las restricciones ecoevolutivas en los ecosistemas de aguas subterráneas profundas influyen en la arquitectura genómica microbiana.
Analizar la versatilidad metabólica y el ensamblaje de comunidades en diferentes profundidades en estos entornos.
Explorar la relación entre el tamaño del genoma, las dependencias metabólicas y la dinámica de las poblaciones microbianas.

Principales métodos:

Se realizaron análisis metabólicos modulares basados en genomas en sitios desconectados de aguas subterráneas profundas.
Se evaluó la composición de la comunidad microbiana y las características del genoma a diferentes profundidades.
Se infirieron la partición de nichos ecológicos y las interacciones de alimentación cruzada metabólica.

Principales resultados:

Las líneas genómicas más grandes (≥2.6 Mb) fueron más abundantes en aguas más profundas y oligotróficas.
Las líneas con dependencias metabólicas, como las arqueas DPANN, disminuyeron en abundancia relativa con la profundidad.
Líneas microbianas distintas ocuparon nichos ecológicos similares en diferentes sitios, lo que sugiere un ensamblaje de comunidades específico del sitio.

Conclusiones:

La alimentación cruzada metabólica juega un papel crucial en la evolución genómica y el ensamblaje de comunidades en microbiomas de aguas subterráneas profundas.
Las interacciones ecológicas, especialmente los intercambios metabólicos, son críticas para dar forma a la vida microbiana bajo una severa limitación de nutrientes.
El estudio amplía la teoría de la optimización, ofreciendo información sobre el funcionamiento de las comunidades microbianas del subsuelo.

Palabras clave:

aguas subterráneas profundas tamaño del genoma alimentación cruzada metabólica análisis metabólicos modulares

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