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Simulación encarnada, lenguaje corporal y simbolización: comprensión de los síntomas somáticos en el psicoanálisis
Elena Markova1, Gabriel Enache2
1Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russia.
Frontiers in psychology
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
La terapia psicoanalítica reconoce cada vez más el papel del lenguaje corporal y la simulación encarnada en el tratamiento de los síntomas somáticos, especialmente cuando falla la comunicación verbal. Esta investigación destaca cómo los fallos en la mentalización y la simbolización se manifiestan somáticamente, y la IA carece de la resonancia encarnada crucial para el progreso terapéutico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Psicoterapia
- Neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- El psicoanálisis clásico enfatizó la comunicación verbal (cura por la palabra).
- La investigación contemporánea destaca la simulación encarnada y la comunicación no verbal en la psicoterapia.
- Los síntomas somáticos pueden surgir de fallos en la simbolización, particularmente cuando la expresión verbal es limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la interacción entre el desarrollo temprano, la mentalización, la adquisición del lenguaje y los trastornos somáticos.
- Examinar las interacciones de transferencia-contratransferencia como una lente para comprender los fallos en la simbolización.
- Investigar el papel de la simulación encarnada y la intercorporeidad en la comunicación terapéutica.
Principales métodos:
- Observación fenomenológica de la comunicación intercorporal en psicoterapia.
- Integración de teorías sobre intersubjetividad, simulación encarnada y sincronización intercerebral.
- Análisis de viñetas clínicas que ilustran el fracaso de la simbolización y la contratransferencia encarnada.
- Comparación de la interacción humano-IA con la intercorporeidad terapéutica.
Principales resultados:
- Los síntomas somáticos surgen cuando falla la mentalización, lo que lleva a enactments concretos.
- La contratransferencia encarnada en los terapeutas puede indicar una resonancia intersubjetiva patológica.
- La IA, que carece de resonancia corporal, no puede replicar procesos terapéuticos que dependen de la simulación encarnada.
- El fracaso de la simbolización se manifiesta como malestar corporal y desafíos en la comunicación intercorporal.
Conclusiones:
- La comunicación terapéutica implica dimensiones preverbales e intercorporales cruciales para procesar síntomas somáticos.
- Los fallos en la mentalización y la simbolización tienen bases neurobiológicas relacionadas con la resonancia intersubjetiva.
- Las tecnologías de IA no pueden reemplazar los aspectos encarnados e intersubjetivos de las relaciones terapéuticas humanas.
- Comprender la comunicación encarnada es vital para la práctica psicoanalítica y resalta los riesgos asociados con la IA en la terapia.
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