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Intervenciones para mejorar la cobertura de vacunación antineumocócica: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis

Bogdan Cireașă¹, Géraldine Leguelinel-Blache^1,2,3, Bob-Valéry Occéan⁴

¹Department of Pharmacy, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes 30900, France.

Infectious medicine

|February 18, 2026

Resumen

La baja cobertura de vacunación antineumocócica es una preocupación. Las intervenciones como la educación y los recordatorios pueden aumentar la cobertura, y las estrategias dirigidas por farmacéuticos muestran potencial. La investigación adicional puede guiar estrategias específicas para mejorar la salud pública.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública
Prevención de Enfermedades Infecciosas
Vacunología

Sus antecedentes:

Streptococcus pneumoniae causa infecciones graves como la meningitis.
La vacunación antineumocócica es óptima para la prevención, pero la cobertura es baja.
Este metaanálisis evalúa las intervenciones para aumentar las tasas de vacunación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones en la cobertura de vacunación antineumocócica.
Identificar los factores que influyen en la captación de la vacunación.
Guiar el desarrollo de estrategias de vacunación efectivas.

Principales métodos:

Metaanálisis y metarregresión de efectos mixtos de estudios de 2013-2023.
Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECR) y no ECR comparativos.
Análisis de subgrupos por diseño de estudio, tipo de intervención, facilitador y población.

Principales resultados:

Se incluyeron 16 artículos; 10 ECR y 6 no ECR.
Riesgo relativo (RR) combinado para las intervenciones fue de 1,06 (p=0,04).
Los ECR mostraron tamaños de efecto menores que los no ECR; las intervenciones dirigidas por farmacéuticos fueron casi significativas (p=0,07).

Conclusiones:

Las intervenciones pueden influir en la cobertura de vacunación antineumocócica.
Las intervenciones directas como la educación y los recordatorios son comunes.
Los hallazgos guían estrategias específicas para mejorar las tasas de vacunación.

Palabras clave:

Paciente en riesgo Intervención Farmacéutico Neumococo Cobertura de vacunación

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