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Modelo predictivo de conjunto basado en aprendizaje automático para la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares

Neeraj Kumar1,2, Rekha Agarwal1, Lokesh Kumar Sharma3

  • 1Amity Institute of Information Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio mejora la predicción de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) utilizando modelos de conjunto de aprendizaje automático (ML) en un gran conjunto de datos. El marco desarrollado logra una alta precisión, mejorando la estabilidad diagnóstica y el soporte de decisiones para la detección de ECV.

Palabras clave:
enfermedad cardiovasculardetección tempranaaprendizaje de conjuntoaprendizaje automáticoestratificación de riesgos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Informática Médica
  • Inteligencia Artificial en Medicina
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial, con un aumento notable de la incidencia en la India.
  • Los modelos actuales de aprendizaje automático (ML) para la predicción de ECV enfrentan limitaciones debido al tamaño del conjunto de datos y la generalización, lo que afecta su robustez.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un modelo de predicción de ML mejorado para la detección de ECV utilizando métodos de conjunto.
  • Mejorar la precisión y la robustez de los modelos de predicción de ECV aprovechando extensos conjuntos de datos clínicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se consolidaron seis conjuntos de datos que comprenden 7.916 registros clínicos, divididos en Conjunto de datos 1 (n=3.676) y Conjunto de datos 2 (n=4.240) según las características.
  • Se aplicó clasificación binaria y multiclase para el Conjunto de datos 1, y clasificación binaria (riesgo a 10 años) para el Conjunto de datos 2, siguiendo un preprocesamiento idéntico y un análisis exploratorio de datos.
  • Se desarrollaron 18 modelos de ML distintos, se seleccionaron los 10 de mejor rendimiento utilizando LazyPredict y se integraron en un modelo de conjunto a través de Voting Classifier.

Principales resultados:

  • Se logró una precisión del 96,5 % para la clasificación binaria y del 85,5 % para la clasificación multiclase en el conjunto de datos 1.
  • Se obtuvo una precisión del 81,18 % para la predicción del riesgo de ECV a 10 años del conjunto de datos 2.
  • El marco de conjunto demostró un rendimiento superior en comparación con los modelos de ML tradicionales y existentes.

Conclusiones:

  • El marco de ML de conjunto propuesto mejora significativamente la precisión y la estabilidad de la predicción de ECV.
  • El estudio proporciona un soporte de decisiones mejorado para la detección de ECV, mitigando el sesgo a través de un modelado robusto.
  • Este enfoque aborda las limitaciones del tamaño del conjunto de datos y la generalización en los sistemas actuales de predicción de ECV basados en ML.