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Nicho individualizado: un marco conceptual integrador en comportamiento, ecología y evolución
Oliver Krüger1,2, Jaime Anaya-Rojas2,3, Mitja Back2,4
1Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.
Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Las diferencias individuales impulsan cambios importantes en el comportamiento, la ecología y la evolución animal. Proponemos el
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de organismos
- Biología evolutiva
- Ecología
- Comportamiento animal
Sus antecedentes:
- La variación individual se reconoce cada vez más como central en el comportamiento animal (personalidades), la ecología (especialización de nicho) y la biología evolutiva (plasticidad fenotípica).
- Investigaciones recientes destacan 'paisajes de aptitud' dinámicos donde la aptitud individual depende de las interacciones genotipo-ambiente.
- La distinción entre las escalas de tiempo ecológicas y evolutivas se está desdibujando, lo que requiere marcos integrados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un marco conceptual unificado que integre la variación individual en comportamiento, ecología y evolución.
- Introducir el concepto de 'nicho individualizado' como una nueva herramienta teórica.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis conceptual de los avances recientes en comportamiento animal, ecología y biología evolutiva.
- Integración de los conceptos de nicho y aptitud para formar un nuevo marco teórico.
Principales resultados:
- El concepto de individualización ha impulsado el progreso pero carece de integración interdisciplinaria.
- El propuesto 'nicho individualizado' fusiona los conceptos de nicho y aptitud, ofreciendo un nuevo poder explicativo.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesita un marco unificado para abordar la variación individual en todas las disciplinas.
- El concepto de 'nicho individualizado' proporciona una nueva y poderosa lente para comprender los procesos ecológicos y evolutivos.
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