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Patrones de Crianza y sus Asociaciones con el Funcionamiento Maladaptativo y Adaptativo de Niños en Duelo

Taylor R Napier¹, Amanda J Hasselle², Charis J Stanek³

¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 444 Butterfly Gardens Dr, Floor 4, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA. taylor.napier1@nationwidechildrens.org.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

|February 18, 2026

Resumen

La crianza positiva se asocia con menos dificultades y mayor resiliencia en niños en duelo. Sin embargo, los patrones de crianza no influyeron significativamente en los síntomas de trauma o el crecimiento después de la pérdida de un ser querido.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología Infantil
Psicología del Desarrollo
Estudios sobre Trauma

Sus antecedentes:

Las relaciones padre-hijo impactan significativamente la salud mental y los resultados adaptativos de los niños después de una pérdida.
Comprender los patrones de crianza es crucial para apoyar el bienestar de los niños en duelo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar patrones de crianza distintos entre los cuidadores de niños en duelo.
Examinar la asociación entre estos patrones de crianza y el funcionamiento de los niños, incluida la salud mental y la resiliencia.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó un análisis de perfiles latentes para identificar subgrupos de crianza en una muestra de 112 niños en duelo (edades 8-17).
Se evaluaron los síntomas de estrés postraumático, las dificultades psicosociales, el crecimiento postraumático y la resiliencia de los niños.

Principales resultados:

Emergieron tres perfiles de crianza: Crianza Pasiva (42.86%), Crianza Negativa (34.82%) y Crianza Positiva (22.32%).
Los niños del grupo de Crianza Positiva reportaron menos dificultades psicosociales y mayor resiliencia en comparación con los otros grupos.
No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los síntomas de estrés postraumático o crecimiento postraumático entre los perfiles de crianza.

Conclusiones:

La crianza positiva, caracterizada por la participación, la comunicación abierta y el refuerzo positivo, se asocia con mejores resultados para los niños en duelo.
Los patrones de crianza pueden no influir directamente en los síntomas específicos del trauma o el crecimiento después de una muerte, lo que sugiere que hay otros factores en juego.
Las intervenciones que apoyan las estrategias de crianza positiva podrían mejorar la resiliencia y reducir las dificultades psicosociales en los niños en duelo.

Palabras clave:

Duelo Relación padre-hijo Crecimiento postraumático Estrés postraumático Dificultades psicosociales Resiliencia

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