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Avances recientes en híbridos moleculares basados en xantona: estrategias terapéuticas emergentes para enfermedades
Nilanjana Medhi1, Lingkan Kalita1, Jessica Kalita1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Molecular diversity
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Los híbridos de xantona ofrecen una estrategia prometedora para el tratamiento de enfermedades complejas como el cáncer y la diabetes. Estas estructuras moleculares muestran una amplia actividad biológica y potencial para la terapéutica de próxima generación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química Medicinal
- Química Orgánica
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades multifactoriales (cáncer, diabetes, trastornos neurodegenerativos e inflamatorios) presentan importantes desafíos para la salud mundial.
- Las xantonas, caracterizadas por un andamio de dibenzo-γ-pirona, son estructuras privilegiadas en el descubrimiento de fármacos debido a sus diversas actividades biológicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los avances recientes en el diseño y desarrollo de híbridos moleculares basados en xantona.
- Destacar su potencial para efectos terapéuticos multitarget o sinérgicos en enfermedades complejas.
Principales métodos:
- Exploración de estudios de relación estructura-actividad (SAR) y relación cuantitativa estructura-actividad (QSAR).
- Análisis de modificaciones funcionales (hidroxilación, prenylación, hibridación) que mejoran las propiedades de los derivados de xantona.
- Revisión de derivados de xantona naturales y sintéticos y sus dianas moleculares.
Principales resultados:
- Los híbridos de xantona integran múltiples farmacóforos para efectos multitarget o sinérgicos.
- Las modificaciones clave mejoran significativamente la potencia, la selectividad y la seguridad.
- Los derivados muestran propiedades antibacterianas, anticancerígenas, antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes, antidiabéticas y neuroprotectoras.
Conclusiones:
- Los híbridos basados en xantona son andamios versátiles con alto potencial traslacional para enfermedades complejas.
- Se justifica una mayor evaluación preclínica y clínica para optimizar estos productos terapéuticos de próxima generación.
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