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Fortalezas y dificultades autoinformadas por adultos jóvenes autistas
Jacqui Ferraiolo1, China I Parenteau2, Jessica Khaw1
1University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos autistas destacaron fortalezas interpersonales y resiliencia, junto con desafíos en la vida diaria y la salud mental. Esta investigación apoya un enfoque afirmativo de la neurodiversidad, centrándose en las fortalezas individuales y las necesidades no satisfechas para un mejor apoyo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Estudios de neurodiversidad
- Investigación sobre el autismo
- Psicología
Sus antecedentes:
- La comunidad autista aboga por una perspectiva afirmativa de la neurodiversidad.
- La comprensión actual del autismo a menudo se centra en los déficits.
- Existe la necesidad de explorar las fortalezas y los desafíos desde la perspectiva autista.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comprender las fortalezas y dificultades autoinformadas por adultos autistas.
- Desafiar las narrativas dominantes de déficit en la investigación sobre el autismo.
- Informar el apoyo informado por fortalezas adaptado a las necesidades expresadas por las personas autistas.
Principales métodos:
- Se encuestó a 292 adultos autistas sobre fortalezas y a 294 sobre dificultades.
- Se utilizó una muestra del registro de correspondencia de investigación SPARK.
- Se empleó codificación inductiva para analizar respuestas de texto libre e identificar temas.
Principales resultados:
- Las habilidades/rasgos interpersonales (43,8%) fueron la fortaleza más informada, siendo comunes los términos 'Amable/Cariñoso/Amoroso'.
- Los desafíos de la vida cotidiana (39,1%) fueron la dificultad más informada, incluyendo 'Socializar' y 'Función Ejecutiva'.
- Se observaron fortalezas informadas como la resiliencia y dificultades como desafíos de salud mental coexistentes.
Conclusiones:
- Las experiencias autistas son heterogéneas, con diversas fortalezas y dificultades.
- Los adultos autistas poseen fortalezas no reconocidas en habilidades interpersonales y resiliencia.
- Los hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de apoyos integrales que aborden las necesidades no satisfechas y aprovechen las fortalezas individuales.
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