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Seroprevalencia de la hepatitis E en el embarazo

Meghna Singh1, Amit Goel2, Manju Lata Verma3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003, India.

Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
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Resumen

La infección por el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) es prevalente en mujeres embarazadas en el norte de la India, y casi la mitad dio positivo para anticuerpos IgG. Esta alta seroprevalencia resalta la necesidad de directrices de vacunación.

Palabras clave:
Virus de la hepatitis EHepatitis en el embarazoHepatitis vírica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Virología
  • Salud Pública
  • Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La infección por el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) presenta riesgos significativos para la salud materna y neonatal.
  • Las estimaciones de la exposición al VHE en mujeres embarazadas en el norte de la India son limitadas.
  • La detección del VHE implica anticuerpos anti-VHE (IgG, IgM) o pruebas de ARN.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la seroprevalencia del virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) en mujeres embarazadas en el norte de la India.
  • Evaluar las tasas de exposición al VHE en una población embarazada.
  • Proporcionar datos para posibles estrategias de vacunación contra el VHE en mujeres embarazadas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo durante un año.
  • Se recolectaron muestras de sangre y se analizaron para detectar anticuerpos IgG contra el VHE utilizando kits ELISA.
  • Se recopilaron datos sobre edad, ubicación (rural/urbana) e índice de masa corporal.

Principales resultados:

  • De 602 pacientes embarazadas, el 47,7% dio positivo para anticuerpos IgG del VHE.
  • La seropositividad aumentó con la edad, fue mayor en poblaciones rurales (51,3%) que en urbanas (45,3%) y se asoció con un menor índice de masa corporal.

Conclusiones:

  • La seroprevalencia de la hepatitis E en mujeres embarazadas en el norte de la India es notablemente alta.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de formular directrices para la vacunación contra el VHE en este grupo demográfico.
  • Este estudio proporciona datos epidemiológicos cruciales para intervenciones de salud pública.