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Disfunción tiroidea prediagnóstica y riesgo y supervivencia de cáncer de ovario: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo
Azam Majidi1, Sabina Rinaldi1, Therese Truong2
1Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Hormones and Metabolism team, Lyon, France.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
El hipotiroidismo puede reducir el riesgo de cáncer de ovario, mientras que el hipertiroidismo puede aumentarlo. La disfunción tiroidea no afectó la supervivencia después del diagnóstico de cáncer de ovario en este estudio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología
- Salud Reproductiva
- Epidemiología del Cáncer
Sus antecedentes:
- Las hormonas tiroideas impactan en vías relevantes para el cáncer de ovario.
- Existen datos epidemiológicos limitados e inconsistentes sobre la disfunción tiroidea y el cáncer de ovario.
- Este estudio investiga la relación entre la disfunción tiroidea y el riesgo y la supervivencia del cáncer de ovario.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la asociación entre la disfunción tiroidea diagnosticada por un médico y el riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- Evaluar el impacto de la disfunción tiroidea en la supervivencia del cáncer de ovario.
- Aclarar la evidencia epidemiológica sobre la disfunción tiroidea y el cáncer de ovario.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 80.348 mujeres (cohorte E3N).
- Datos recopilados a través de cuestionarios bienales sobre disfunción tiroidea (1992-2014).
- Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Cox para analizar la incidencia y supervivencia del cáncer de ovario, ajustando por confusores.
Principales resultados:
- No hubo asociación general entre la disfunción tiroidea prediagnóstica y el riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- El hipotiroidismo diagnosticado ≥5 años antes se relacionó con un menor riesgo (HR=0.65).
- El hipertiroidismo diagnosticado ≥5 años antes (sin levotiroxina) se relacionó con un mayor riesgo (HR=1.70).
- No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la disfunción tiroidea y la supervivencia del cáncer de ovario.
Conclusiones:
- El hipotiroidismo puede estar asociado con una disminución del riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- El hipertiroidismo puede estar asociado con un aumento del riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- La disfunción tiroidea no pareció influir en la supervivencia después del diagnóstico.
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