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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Envejecimiento de materiales amorfos bajo deformación cíclica

Dor Shohat1,2, Paul Baconnier3, Itamar Procaccia4,5

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los materiales amorfos exhiben envejecimiento físico, un proceso de relajación lento. La conducción cíclica revela una desintegración logarítmica universal en la disipación, con un modelo estructural que explica mejor este complejo comportamiento.

Palabras clave:
envejecimientomateriales amorfosconducción cíclicahisterones

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencia de materiales
  • Mecánica estadística

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales amorfos exhiben comportamientos complejos y dependientes de la historia cuando se sacan del equilibrio.
  • El envejecimiento físico, caracterizado por una relajación lenta y no exponencial en vastas escalas de tiempo, es un fenómeno clave en estos materiales.
  • Comprender el envejecimiento es crucial para predecir las propiedades y el comportamiento de los materiales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el comportamiento de envejecimiento de los materiales amorfos bajo conducción periódica lenta.
  • Identificar fenómenos de envejecimiento genéricos y sus mecanismos subyacentes.
  • Evaluar la efectividad de diferentes modelos mesoscópicos en la descripción de las dinámicas de envejecimiento.

Principales métodos:

  • Sometimiento de tres materiales amorfos distintos a conducción periódica lenta.
  • Medición de la disipación por ciclo a lo largo del tiempo.
  • Comparación de los resultados experimentales con las predicciones de tres modelos mesoscópicos: procesos de relajación no interactuantes, modelo de histerón ruidoso y un modelo estructural con enlaces elásticos biestables.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó un fenómeno de envejecimiento genérico, caracterizado por una desintegración logarítmica de la disipación por ciclo.
  • Este patrón de desintegración fue consistente en diferentes materiales amorfos bajo conducción cíclica.
  • Solo el modelo estructural, que presenta una red aleatoria de enlaces elásticos biestables, reprodujo con precisión los hallazgos experimentales.

Conclusiones:

  • La conducción cíclica es un protocolo potente para caracterizar materiales amorfos y sus paisajes energéticos.
  • El éxito del modelo estructural está relacionado con su representación de la exploración lenta del paisaje energético y la ruptura de la simetría de réplica.
  • Este estudio proporciona un nuevo método para diferenciar entre varios modelos mesoscópicos de materia amorfa.