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Factores de Riesgo en el Rendimiento del Vocabulario Infantil: Variables de Antecedentes y Preocupaciones Parentales
Lina Hashoul-Essa1, Sharon Armon-Lotem2
1The English Literature and Linguistics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
International journal of language & communication disorders
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Las preocupaciones de los padres son fuertes predictores del desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de habla árabe. Los hitos tempranos del lenguaje, como la combinación de palabras, ayudan a identificar a aquellos en riesgo de retrasos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Desarrollo infantil
- Investigación lingüística
- Psicología del desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Las preocupaciones de los padres son indicadores válidos para la detección temprana del trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje (TDL).
- Los hitos tempranos del lenguaje y los factores de riesgo en los dominios biológico, de desarrollo y social influyen en la adquisición del lenguaje.
- Los Inventarios de Desarrollo de la Comunicación (CDI) son herramientas efectivas para evaluar el desarrollo del vocabulario en diferentes idiomas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias en el rendimiento del vocabulario en niños de habla árabe de 18 a 36 meses.
- Analizar la influencia de los factores biológicos, de desarrollo y sociales/ambientales en el desarrollo del lenguaje.
- Examinar cómo las preocupaciones de los padres impactan el rendimiento del vocabulario e identificar patrones predictivos.
Principales métodos:
- Se recopilaron datos de 874 padres de niños de habla árabe palestina (18-36 meses) a través de un Inventario Palestino de Desarrollo de la Comunicación en Árabe (PA-CDI) en línea.
- Un cuestionario de antecedentes recopiló información sobre cinco posibles factores de riesgo.
- El análisis estadístico examinó las correlaciones entre los factores de riesgo, las preocupaciones de los padres y el rendimiento del vocabulario.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños con preocupaciones parentales mostraron un rendimiento significativamente menor en el vocabulario.
- Las preocupaciones parentales fueron el predictor más fuerte del rendimiento del vocabulario, explicando el 27,2% de la varianza.
- El inicio del habla predijo el rendimiento en niños sin preocupaciones, mientras que las habilidades de combinación de palabras fueron clave para aquellos con preocupaciones.
Conclusiones:
- Las preocupaciones de los padres son indicadores cruciales de posibles dificultades del lenguaje en niños de habla árabe.
- Los hitos tempranos del lenguaje, especialmente las habilidades de combinación de palabras, son vitales para identificar a los niños con retrasos persistentes del lenguaje.
- El PA-CDI y las variables de antecedentes ofrecen una herramienta clínica prometedora para la identificación temprana de retrasos del lenguaje en esta población.
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