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Actitudes hacia el aborto y la objeción de conciencia entre estudiantes de medicina en México

Fabiola Orihuela-Cortes¹, Gustavo Ortiz-Millan², Asuncion Alvarez Del Rio³

¹Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.

Health care for women international

|February 18, 2026

Resumen

Los estudiantes de medicina mexicanos mostraron una conciencia variada sobre la objeción de conciencia (OC). Los hombres apoyaron la OC más que las mujeres, y el apoyo se relacionó con puntos de vista antiaborto y preocupaciones sobre el estigma.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ética Médica
Políticas de Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

El acceso al aborto varía a nivel mundial, lo que afecta a los profesionales de la salud.
La objeción de conciencia (OC) es una consideración ética compleja en la atención de la salud reproductiva.
Comprender las actitudes de los estudiantes de medicina es crucial para la futura práctica médica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar las actitudes hacia el aborto y la objeción de conciencia (OC) entre estudiantes de medicina mexicanos.
Comparar el conocimiento y el apoyo a la OC en regiones con diferentes plazos de despenalización del aborto.
Identificar los factores que influyen en la postura de los estudiantes de medicina sobre la OC.

Principales métodos:

Encuesta administrada a estudiantes de medicina en la Ciudad de México (aborto despenalizado en 2007) y Xalapa (despenalizado en 2021).
Se evaluó el conocimiento de la OC y las actitudes hacia el aborto.
Se analizaron las correlaciones entre factores demográficos, apoyo a la OC y actitudes hacia el aborto.

Principales resultados:

Menos de la mitad de los estudiantes conocían la OC antes de la encuesta.
Los estudiantes varones informaron un mayor apoyo a la OC en comparación con las estudiantes.
El apoyo a la OC se correlacionó positivamente con la oposición a la realización de abortos debido al estigma y al sentimiento antiaborto general.

Conclusiones:

El conocimiento de la OC por parte de los estudiantes de medicina es limitado, lo que requiere una intervención educativa.
El género y las creencias personales influyen significativamente en las actitudes hacia la OC en contextos de aborto.
La educación médica debe abordar dilemas éticos como la OC para preparar a los futuros profesionales.

Palabras clave:

objeción de conciencia aborto estudiantes de medicina México actitudes ética médica

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