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Revisión de la seguridad de los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo: Seguridad de los corticosteroides
Hui-Ju Tsai1, Tsung-Chieh Yao2
1Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Biomedical journal
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo, aunque comunes para la inflamación, conllevan riesgos inesperados como sepsis e insuficiencia cardíaca. La concienciación sobre estos posibles daños es crucial para una práctica clínica más segura y una prescripción juiciosa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacología y Terapéutica
- Medicina Clínica
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo se prescriben con frecuencia para afecciones inflamatorias agudas y brotes de enfermedades autoinmunes.
- Se ha observado una tendencia creciente en la prescripción de estos medicamentos en la población general.
- La evidencia emergente sugiere riesgos inesperados potenciales asociados con su uso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el perfil de seguridad de los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo.
- Destacar la evidencia emergente de posibles eventos adversos.
- Informar la práctica clínica sobre la evaluación de la relación riesgo-beneficio.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios epidemiológicos y hallazgos de investigaciones recientes.
- Análisis de eventos adversos asociados con el uso de corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo.
- Examen de los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a corticosteroides prenatales.
Principales resultados:
- Incluso los ciclos breves de corticosteroides orales se asocian con eventos adversos raros pero graves (sepsis, neumonía, hemorragia gastrointestinal, pancreatitis, insuficiencia cardíaca, TVE, fractura).
- Los corticosteroides prenatales, aunque vitales para los bebés prematuros, conllevan riesgos a largo plazo para los niños (trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, infecciones, mortalidad) y para las madres (infecciones, insuficiencia cardíaca, hemorragia gastrointestinal).
- Los posibles daños de los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo pueden ser infravalorados.
Conclusiones:
- Los médicos deben sopesar los beneficios terapéuticos de los corticosteroides sistémicos a corto plazo frente a sus posibles daños.
- Es necesaria una prescripción cautelosa y basada en la evidencia, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables.
- Se necesita más investigación para desarrollar un enfoque de «uso prudente de corticosteroides» para optimizar los resultados de los pacientes.
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