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Sialilación en el Sistema Nervioso: Funciones y Mecanismos
Kate Koles1, Elena Repnikova2, Boris Novikov1
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
The Journal of biological chemistry
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
La sialilación de glicoproteínas es vital para la función del sistema nervioso, impactando la excitabilidad neuronal y las interacciones gliales. La desregulación está relacionada con trastornos neurológicos, pero la sialilación ofrece potencial terapéutico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Bioquímica
- Glicobiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La sialilación de glicoproteínas es una modificación postraduccional clave.
- Desempeña diversas funciones en la biología animal, particularmente dentro del sistema nervioso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las multifacéticas funciones de la sialilación en la neurofisiología y los trastornos neurológicos.
- Destacar el papel de la sialilación en los procesos neuronales, las interacciones neurona-glia y la patogénesis de enfermedades.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de literatura de estudios sobre la sialilación de glicoproteínas en el sistema nervioso.
- Análisis de investigaciones sobre el impacto de la sialilación en la función neuronal, las interacciones gliales y las enfermedades neurológicas.
Principales resultados:
- La sialilación regula la excitabilidad neuronal a través de canales iónicos y la transmisión sináptica.
- Modula la comunicación neurona-glia, las respuestas inmunitarias y la neuroinflamación.
- Los defectos genéticos y la sialilación aberrante se relacionan con deterioro cognitivo, epilepsia, neurodegeneración y trastornos psiquiátricos.
Conclusiones:
- La sialilación es crucial para la función normal del sistema nervioso y la homeostasis.
- La sialilación aberrante está implicada en diversas afecciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas.
- La focalización de las vías de sialilación presenta vías terapéuticas prometedoras para los trastornos neurológicos.
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