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Percepción de la enfermedad y carga de síntomas en pacientes con cáncer: estudio transversal
Wala Ben Kridis1, Dhouha Sakka2, Afef Khanfir2
1Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia walabenkridis@yahoo.fr.
BMJ supportive & palliative care
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Pacientes con cáncer
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Oncología Psicosocial
- Psicología de la Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender las percepciones de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad es crucial para la atención eficaz del cáncer.
- La percepción de la enfermedad influye en los mecanismos de afrontamiento y la adherencia al tratamiento.
- Los factores demográficos y clínicos pueden moldear significativamente cómo los pacientes perciben su cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la percepción de la enfermedad y la carga de síntomas en pacientes con cáncer.
- Investigar el impacto de los factores demográficos (género, edad) en la percepción de la enfermedad.
- Examinar cómo los factores clínicos (etapa del cáncer, tipo de cáncer) influyen en las percepciones de los pacientes sobre su enfermedad.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal en el que participaron 102 pacientes adultos con cáncer.
- Se utilizó el Cuestionario Breve de Percepción de la Enfermedad (BIPQ) para evaluar la percepción de la enfermedad.
- Se analizaron las asociaciones entre la percepción de la enfermedad y el género, la edad, la etapa del cáncer y el tipo.
Principales resultados:
- Las mujeres, los pacientes de 40 a 60 años y aquellos con cáncer metastásico reportaron mayores percepciones de la enfermedad.
- Los pacientes con cáncer de mama exhibieron las puntuaciones de percepción más altas en todos los dominios.
- Se observaron diferencias significativas de género, y las mujeres reportaron percepciones más altas que los hombres (p=0,03).
Conclusiones:
- La percepción de la enfermedad en pacientes con cáncer está influenciada por el género, la edad, la etapa del cáncer y el tipo.
- Destaca la necesidad de intervenciones psicosociales personalizadas y estrategias educativas.
- Los enfoques adaptados son vitales para mejorar el afrontamiento del paciente y la adherencia al tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
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