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Tabaquismo e hipertensión intracraneal idiopática: un metaanálisis
Ryan S Huang1, Andrew Mihalache1, Brendan K Tao2
1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Eye (London, England)
|February 18, 2026
Resumen
Fumar actualmente y haber fumado en el pasado se asocian con un mayor riesgo de hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII). Este metaanálisis destaca el historial de tabaquismo como un factor crucial en la evaluación del riesgo de HII, aunque se necesita más investigación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Epidemiología
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII) es un trastorno neurológico caracterizado por un aumento de la presión intracraneal sin una causa clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar sistemáticamente la asociación entre el tabaquismo (actual y pasado) y el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII).
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática exhaustiva de la literatura en las principales bases de datos (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library) hasta marzo de 2025.
- Se realizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios de estudios observacionales para agrupar las odds ratios (OR) de tabaquismo y HII.
- Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad y subgrupos, y se evaluó la calidad de los estudios/certeza de la evidencia utilizando los marcos ROBINS-E y GRADE.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron once estudios observacionales que incluyeron 8.098 pacientes con HII y 90.381 controles.
- El tabaquismo actual se asoció significativamente con un aumento de las probabilidades de HII (OR = 1,46, IC del 95 % [1,39-1,54]).
- El tabaquismo pasado también mostró una asociación significativa con la HII (OR = 1,13, IC del 95 % [1,05-1,21]), con hallazgos consistentes en subgrupos geográficos.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia de baja certeza indica una asociación significativa entre el tabaquismo actual y pasado y la hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII).
- El historial de tabaquismo debe considerarse en la evaluación clínica de pacientes con sospecha de HII.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación prospectiva para establecer la causalidad y explorar las relaciones dosis-respuesta.
Palabras clave:
hipertensión intracraneal idiopáticatabaquismoriesgometaanálisissalud públicaneurologíaepidemiologíaMás Videos Relacionados
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