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Ketamina como tratamiento de salud mental

Liz Braun¹, Alison Colbert

¹Liz Braun is a psychiatric-mental health NP who is working on her PhD in nursing ethics and Alison Colbert is a professor at the Duquesne University School of Nursing in Pittsburgh, PA. Contact author: Liz Braun, braune@duq.edu. The authors discuss certain off-label uses of ketamine in the treatment of mental health disorders. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

The American journal of nursing

|February 19, 2026

Resumen

La ketamina muestra promesa para trastornos de salud mental resistentes al tratamiento como la depresión. Este artículo revisa su uso clínico, evidencia en evolución e implicaciones de enfermería para el cuidado del paciente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia; Psiquiatría; Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La ketamina es un anestésico aprobado en 1970.; Se usa cada vez más fuera de etiqueta para trastornos de salud mental, y la esketamina se aprobó en 2019 para la depresión resistente al tratamiento.; Los tratamientos existentes tienen limitaciones, lo que crea la necesidad de intervenciones novedosas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar a las enfermeras información clínica esencial sobre la ketamina para el tratamiento de la salud mental.; Discutir la evidencia en evolución y el panorama regulatorio de la terapia con ketamina.; Explorar las implicaciones éticas y de enfermería del uso de ketamina en salud mental.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura actual sobre la eficacia y administración de la ketamina.; Análisis del estado regulatorio y las aplicaciones clínicas (IV, intranasal, psicoterapia).; Discusión de consideraciones éticas y responsabilidades de enfermería.

Principales resultados:

La ketamina ofrece un mecanismo de acción novedoso para afecciones resistentes al tratamiento.; Existen varios métodos de administración, incluida la esketamina intranasal, las infusiones intravenosas y la psicoterapia asistida por ketamina.; El marco regulatorio y la base de evidencia aún se están desarrollando.

Conclusiones:

Las enfermeras requieren un conocimiento integral para asesorar a los pacientes sobre la terapia con ketamina.; La regulación fragmentada y la evidencia en evolución exigen un manejo cuidadoso del paciente.; La ketamina representa un avance significativo, aunque complejo, en el tratamiento de la salud mental.

Palabras clave:

ansiedad depresión ketamina salud mental trastorno de estrés postraumático

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