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Los virus de ADN gigantes codifican un complejo de iniciación de la traducción característico de la vida eucariota

J Maximilian Fels¹, Aidan B Hill², Richard Han³

¹Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

|February 19, 2026

Resumen

Los virus gigantes poseen su propio complejo de iniciación de la traducción (IF4F), lo que les permite sintetizar proteínas de forma independiente. Este descubrimiento difumina las líneas entre la vida celular y acelular, revelando innovaciones evolutivas virales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Biología Molecular
Biología Celular

Sus antecedentes:

Tradicionalmente, se consideraba que los virus carecían de maquinaria de síntesis de proteínas.
Los virus dependen de los factores de la célula huésped para traducir el material genético viral.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las capacidades de síntesis de proteínas de los virus de ADN gigantes.
Identificar los mecanismos moleculares que utilizan los virus para la traducción.

Principales métodos:

Disección estructural del complejo IF4F viral.
Análisis de las interacciones del ARNm viral y del huésped.
Investigación del papel del IF4F viral durante la infección.

Principales resultados:

Los virus de ADN gigantes codifican un complejo funcional de iniciación de la traducción IF4F.
El IF4F viral reemplaza al IF4F del huésped durante la infección, controlando la traducción viral.
La subunidad de unión al cap del ARNm del IF4F viral se une selectivamente a los ARNm virales.

Conclusiones:

Los virus pueden poseer su propia maquinaria de traducción eucariota.
Este hallazgo redefine nuestra comprensión de la biología y evolución viral.
El IF4F viral actúa como un interruptor molecular, priorizando la síntesis de proteínas virales.

Palabras clave:

cap 5' m7G de ARN eIF4F virus de ADN gigantes mimivirus traducción factores de iniciación de la traducción

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