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¿Es válida la regla de Bergmann para los vertebrados terrestres?

Oleksandra Oskyrko1,2,3, Jiajia Liu1, Weiguo Du1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Resumen

La regla de Bergmann, que relaciona un mayor tamaño corporal con climas más fríos, se aplica a los endotermos (aves, mamíferos) pero no a los ectotermos (anfibios, reptiles). Este patrón depende del contexto y está influenciado por la termorregulación y los rasgos de las especies.

Palabras clave:
regla de Bergmanninterespecíficointraspecificolatitudtemperaturavertebrados

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología
  • Zoología
  • Biología Evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La regla de Bergmann predice un mayor tamaño corporal en climas más fríos.
  • Su aplicabilidad en taxones de vertebrados y estrategias de termorregulación es objeto de debate.
  • Estudios previos muestran un apoyo inconsistente, particularmente entre endotermos y ectotermos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Probar la consistencia y la fuerza de la regla de Bergmann en los principales taxones de vertebrados terrestres.
  • Investigar la influencia de la estrategia de termorregulación (endotermia frente a ectotermia) en la regla de Bergmann.
  • Evaluar la regla de Bergmann a nivel de especie y de población.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de datos de tamaño corporal a nivel de especie y población para anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos.
  • Análisis de correlación entre el tamaño corporal y la latitud en todos los taxones.
  • Comparación del apoyo a la regla entre endotermos y ectotermos, y entre diferentes niveles taxonómicos (orden/familia, especie, población).

Principales resultados:

  • La regla de Bergmann se corroboró en endotermos (aves, mamíferos) pero no en ectotermos (anfibios, reptiles).
  • El apoyo a la regla fue más fuerte en endotermos (34%) que en ectotermos (18%) a nivel de orden/familia.
  • El tamaño corporal se correlacionó negativamente con la temperatura en endotermos a lo largo de gradientes latitudinales, pero no en ectotermos.

Conclusiones:

  • La regla de Bergmann no es un principio universal sino un patrón dependiente del contexto.
  • La estrategia de termorregulación modera significativamente la aplicabilidad de la regla.
  • Los rasgos ecológicos y la historia filogenética influyen en la regla de Bergmann, lo que pone de relieve una sensibilidad diferencial a los cambios ambientales.