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Impacto del estrés psicosocial en el desarrollo infantil
Marine Jequier Gygax1, Karine Sofia Scherrer2, Gëatan Zwingli3,4
1Vidymed, Route de Chavannes 9, 1007 Lausanne.
Revue medicale suisse
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
El estrés psicosocial parental puede impactar negativamente el neurodesarrollo infantil, afectando el desarrollo cerebral fetal y los resultados posteriores. La detección temprana y el apoyo familiar son cruciales para abordar estas influencias bidireccionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psicología del Desarrollo
- Pediatría
Sus antecedentes:
- El estrés psicosocial parental se relaciona con resultados adversos del neurodesarrollo en niños.
- La exposición prenatal al estrés parental puede alterar el desarrollo cerebral fetal.
- Los factores parentales y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo infantil tienen una relación bidireccional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la compleja interacción entre el estrés psicosocial y el neurodesarrollo infantil.
- Destacar la importancia de monitorear la dinámica familiar en la atención pediátrica.
- Enfatizar el papel de la detección temprana y el apoyo en la mitigación de los impactos negativos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de literatura sobre estrés parental y neurodesarrollo infantil.
- Análisis de las interacciones bidireccionales entre la salud mental familiar y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo.
- Ejemplos de estudios de caso que ilustran el impacto de la crianza subóptima en el tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- El estrés parental, incluso prenatal, se asocia con alteraciones del neurodesarrollo.
- Las actitudes parentales influyen en el desarrollo infantil en áreas como el sueño y la actividad.
- Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo pueden afectar negativamente la salud mental familiar.
- El vínculo estrés-neurodesarrollo es bidireccional.
Conclusiones:
- La identificación temprana del estrés psicosocial y los problemas de neurodesarrollo es fundamental.
- El andamiaje de las estructuras familiares es esencial para una intervención eficaz.
- Los profesionales de la atención primaria desempeñan un vital en el monitoreo y apoyo a las familias.
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