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Empoderamiento de las comunidades en la respuesta a brotes de cólera: perspectivas locales de Sidama, Etiopía
Aschalew Abayneh1,2, Sileshi Demelash Sasie1,2, Selamawit Mengesha3
1Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Journal of public health research
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
La participación comunitaria en los brotes de cólera es baja en Etiopía debido a la pobreza y al gran tamaño de los hogares. Abordar estas barreras es clave para mejorar el control del cólera y la salud pública en entornos con recursos limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Epidemiología
- Salud Comunitaria
Sus antecedentes:
- El cólera representa una amenaza significativa para la salud pública en entornos de bajos recursos.
- La limitada coordinación multisectorial y la participación comunitaria dificultan el control eficaz del cólera.
- Este estudio investiga los factores que afectan la participación comunitaria en los brotes de cólera en la Región Sidama de Etiopía.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los factores socioeconómicos y contextuales que influyen en la participación comunitaria en la preparación, respuesta y recuperación ante el cólera.
- Identificar las barreras para la participación comunitaria durante un brote de cólera.
- Informar estrategias específicas del contexto para mejorar la participación comunitaria en el control del cólera.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta transversal comunitaria a 613 residentes de la Región Sidama después de un brote de cólera.
- Los datos recopilados incluyeron características sociodemográficas, conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y niveles de participación.
- El análisis de regresión logística identificó los factores asociados con la baja participación comunitaria.
Principales resultados:
- La participación comunitaria general en la gestión de brotes fue subóptima, con un 48%.
- Las barreras clave identificadas fueron el bajo nivel socioeconómico (33%), el gran tamaño del hogar (82%) y el bajo nivel educativo (27% sin educación formal).
- La baja participación se relacionó con un bajo nivel de riqueza, hogares con varios niños pequeños, bajo conocimiento sobre el cólera y ser hombre.
Conclusiones:
- La participación comunitaria en la respuesta al brote de cólera fue insuficiente.
- La pobreza, el gran tamaño del hogar y la baja educación son las principales barreras para la participación.
- Abordar estas barreras es crucial para fortalecer la vigilancia, la respuesta y los esfuerzos de control del cólera.
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