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Patrones de virus-hospedador de ADN en entornos lacustres y marinos durante el último ciclo glacial
Christiane Boeckel1,2, Simeon Lisovski1, Kathleen R Stoof-Leichsenring1
1Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.
The ISME journal
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
El ADN antiguo de sedimentos lacustres y marinos revela cambios a largo plazo en las comunidades virales e interacciones estables virus-hospedador a lo largo de milenios. Este estudio destaca el poder de los viromas antiguos para comprender las respuestas de los ecosistemas a los cambios ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Ambientales
- Microbiología
- Paleontología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los virus son cruciales para las funciones del ecosistema, influyendo en la dinámica de poblaciones, los ciclos biogeoquímicos y la evolución de los hospedadores.
- Comprender las interacciones virus-hospedador a largo plazo es clave para comprender la estabilidad del ecosistema y la respuesta al cambio ambiental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reconstruir comunidades virales antiguas y sus interacciones utilizando ADN antiguo sedimentario (sedaDNA).
- Investigar patrones ecológicos a largo plazo y coevolución virus-hospedador en entornos lacustres y marinos desde el Pleistoceno hasta el Holoceno.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de ADN antiguo sedimentario (sedaDNA) de núcleos de lagos siberianos y marinos subantárticos/antárticos.
- Secuenciación metagenómica para identificar taxones virales y reconstruir ensamblajes virales antiguos.
- Análisis de correlación de co-ocurrencia para evaluar las asociaciones y la estabilidad de virus-hospedador a lo largo del tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 2084 taxones virales únicos, con comunidades distintas en entornos lacustres (dominados por Caudoviricetes) y marinos (Caudoviricetes y Algavirales).
- Se observaron cambios composicionales en las comunidades virales desde el Pleistoceno hasta el Holoceno, validando el sedaDNA para reconstrucciones resueltas en el tiempo.
- Se documentaron 83 pares de virus-hospedador, lo que revela co-variaciones estables de virus-hospedador a lo largo de milenios, particularmente para los virus de fitoplancton marino.
Conclusiones:
- Las series temporales de ADN antiguo sedimentario revelan eficazmente las estructuras de las comunidades virales antiguas y la dinámica ecológica a largo plazo.
- Los viromas antiguos proporcionan información valiosa sobre las respuestas específicas del ecosistema a los cambios ambientales pasados.
- Las interacciones virus-hospedador exhiben estabilidad a largo plazo, con posibles cambios entre los ciclos líticos y lisogénicos que influyen en la dinámica microbiana.
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