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Terapias biológicas para el asma grave con inflamación de tipo 2: evidencia actual, selección de pacientes y
1Department of Intellectual property Rights, Research and Development cell, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
Objective:
Recent advancements in biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment landscape for allergic asthma, with a focus on improving patient outcomes through targeted immune modulation. The objective here is to synthesize contemporary clinical evidence, explore criteria for optimal patient selection, examine safety considerations, and highlight future therapeutic directions in managing severe allergic asthma.
Data Sources:
A systematic literature search was conducted across major medical databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane up to 2025. The search prioritized randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and real-world studies involving biologic agents targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE) and key type 2 inflammatory pathways, reflecting the most current therapeutic innovations.
Study Selection:
Research articles were selected based on relevance to efficacy, safety, and personalized application of biologic agents such as omalizumab, the IL-5 antagonists, dupilumab, and tezepelumab in allergic asthma. Particular emphasis was placed on biomarkers that guide precision medicine and phenotypic-driven management.
Results:
Evidence indicates that biologic therapies significantly reduce asthma exacerbations, hospital admissions, and reliance on systemic corticosteroids, while enhancing lung function and quality of life. Utilizing biomarkers such as eosinophil counts, serum IgE, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) optimizes therapeutic response. Despite their transformative role, challenges persist in accessibility, cost, and long-term safety data. Emerging therapies and combination strategies promise further advancement.
Conclusion:
Biologic agents targeting type 2 inflammation represent a paradigm shift in allergic asthma treatment. Personalized medicine approaches maximize clinical benefits, though continued research is essential to refine patient selection criteria, address disparities, and extend therapeutic options.
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