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Trastorno de Identidad Disociativo y Trastorno de Identidad Disociativo Parcial

Stefan Roepke, Kathlen Priebe, Christian Schmahl

    Deutsches Arzteblatt international
    |February 19, 2026
    PubMed
    Resumen
    Este resumen es generado por máquina.

    El Trastorno de Identidad Disociativo (TID) y el TID parcial carecen de validación empírica y tratamientos basados en la evidencia. Los síntomas disociativos se explican mejor por el trastorno de estrés postraumático complejo (TEPTc) y el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP), que cuentan con tratamientos establecidos.

    Palabras clave:
    Trastorno de Identidad DisociativoTrastorno de Identidad Disociativo ParcialTrastorno de Estrés Postraumático ComplejoTrastorno Límite de la PersonalidadSíntomas DisociativosValidación DiagnósticaTratamientos Basados en la Evidencia

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Psiquiatría
    • Psicología Clínica

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El Trastorno de Identidad Disociativo (TID), que reemplaza al trastorno de personalidad múltiple en la CIE-11, se caracteriza por estados de personalidad distintos y amnesia.
    • El TID parcial implica discontinuidades menos marcadas en la autoexperiencia y la agencia.
    • Los estudios empíricos sobre el TID y el TID parcial son limitados y a menudo metodológicamente defectuosos.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Revisar y discutir los estudios empíricos sobre el TID y el TID parcial.
    • Derivar enfoques de práctica clínica potenciales para estos diagnósticos.

    Principales métodos:

    • Una revisión narrativa de publicaciones pertinentes.
    • Búsqueda en PubMed de estudios relevantes.

    Principales resultados:

    • Existen pocos estudios empíricos sobre el TID, con importantes limitaciones metodológicas.
    • Faltan datos sólidos para el TID parcial.
    • Existe una superposición significativa entre el TID y los trastornos asociados a traumas como el TEPTc y el TLP.
    • Las construcciones centrales del TID, como la amnesia entre estados, no están respaldadas por los datos disponibles.
    • Ningún tratamiento específico para el TID ha demostrado una eficacia sólida.

    Conclusiones:

    • El TID y el TID parcial son diagnósticos insuficientemente validados.
    • No existe un tratamiento basado en la evidencia para el TID o el TID parcial.
    • Los síntomas disociativos pueden abordarse mediante afecciones mejor investigadas como el TEPTc y el TLP, que cuentan con tratamientos validados.
    • Los diagnósticos de TID y TID parcial solo deben realizarse después de excluir explicaciones alternativas.