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Delirio en medicina cardiovascular

Endrit Cekaj¹, David H V Vogel², Peter M Spieth³

¹Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

European heart journal

|February 19, 2026

Resumen

El delirio es un problema neuropsiquiátrico significativo en medicina cardiovascular, que aumenta la hospitalización y la mortalidad. El reconocimiento temprano y la prevención no farmacológica son clave para los pacientes en riesgo que se someten a procedimientos cardíacos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología
Neuropsiquiatría
Geriatría

Sus antecedentes:

El delirio es un síndrome común y poco reconocido en medicina cardiovascular.
Está relacionado con resultados adversos como hospitalización prolongada, aumento de la mortalidad y deterioro cognitivo.
Los pacientes que se someten a procedimientos cardiovasculares son particularmente vulnerables.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la literatura actual sobre el delirio en medicina cardiovascular.
Definir la vulnerabilidad de los pacientes cardiovasculares al delirio.
Identificar lagunas de conocimiento e informar estrategias de manejo.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura del estado del arte.
Integración de discusiones de expertos de cardiología, cirugía cardíaca y psiquiatría.
Resumen de epidemiología, mecanismos, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento.

Principales resultados:

La incidencia de delirio varía, influenciada por factores del paciente, la invasividad del procedimiento y los diagnósticos.
Los factores de riesgo incluyen edad, deterioro cognitivo, enfermedad cerebrovascular e inflamación.
La prevención no farmacológica está basada en evidencia; el uso farmacológico es controvertido y específico para cada caso.

Conclusiones:

El delirio presenta un desafío importante en medicina cardiovascular, que requiere atención proactiva e interdisciplinaria.
La evaluación sistemática de riesgos y la prevención multimodal deben ser estándar.
Se necesita más investigación para guías basadas en evidencia en poblaciones cardiovasculares.

Palabras clave:

Medicina cardiovascular Delirio Delirio SCA Delirio CABG Delirio NSTEMI Delirio PCI Delirio SAVR Delirio STEMI Delirio TAVR Delirio TMVR Delirio TTVR Prevención del delirio Tratamiento farmacológico del delirio

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