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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Costos a largo plazo de la sobrecarga de la memoria de trabajo

Nathaniel R Greene1, Dominic Guitard2, Alicia Forsberg3

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, 148 Tolentine Hall, 800 E. Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. nathaniel.greene@villanova.edu.

Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Aprender demasiada información puede dificultar la recuperación de la memoria a largo plazo. La sobrecarga de la memoria de trabajo (MT) perjudica la recuperación de detalles y la esencia, incluso en adultos mayores y durante el aprendizaje intencional, desafiando las teorías de codificación automática de la esencia.

Palabras clave:
EnvejecimientoEsenciaMemoria a largo plazoMemoria de trabajo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología Cognitiva; Neurociencia; Memoria Humana

Sus antecedentes:

  • La evidencia emergente sugiere que las limitaciones de capacidad de la memoria de trabajo (MT) pueden afectar la codificación de la memoria a largo plazo (MLP).
  • Las teorías de la memoria a menudo asumen una codificación de la esencia relativamente automática, pero esto puede tener límites.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si la sobrecarga de la memoria de trabajo (MT) durante la codificación perjudica la recuperación de la esencia y los detalles de la memoria a largo plazo (MLP).
  • Determinar si este efecto se extiende a los adultos mayores y persiste en condiciones de aprendizaje intencional.

Principales métodos:

  • Experimento 1: Se probó la recuperación de la esencia de la MLP en dos muestras de adultos mayores (n=40 cada una) con carga variable de MT durante la codificación.
  • Experimento 2: Se evaluó la recuperación de la esencia de la MLP en adultos jóvenes (n=81) y mayores (n=40) bajo aprendizaje intencional con MT sobrecargada en la codificación.

Principales resultados:

  • La recuperación de la esencia de la MLP se redujo en los adultos mayores cuando los objetos se codificaron en conjuntos que excedían la capacidad de la MT.
  • Ambos adultos jóvenes y mayores mostraron una recuperación deteriorada de la esencia de la MLP cuando la MT se sobrecargó durante el aprendizaje a largo plazo intencional.

Conclusiones:

  • La sobrecarga de la memoria de trabajo (MT) en la codificación perjudica significativamente la recuperación de la esencia de la memoria a largo plazo (MLP), incluso en adultos mayores y en aprendizaje intencional.
  • Estos hallazgos desafían la universalidad de la codificación automática de la esencia y sugieren una condición límite para las teorías de la memoria.