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La investigación sobre el autismo muestra una creciente diversidad en los términos para los comportamientos que se pretenden reducir, con un cambio de "comportamiento problemático" a "comportamiento desafiante". Esta evolución puede deberse a influencias sociales en lugar de datos empíricos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias del comportamiento
  • Investigación sobre el autismo
  • Psicología clínica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El lenguaje influye significativamente en la interpretación del autismo y la comprensión pública.
  • El enfoque se ha centrado en el lenguaje de identidad primero frente al lenguaje centrado en la persona, descuidando los términos para los comportamientos que se pretenden reducir.
  • Comprender los cambios terminológicos es crucial para una comunicación científica y clínica coherente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar los cambios en la terminología para los comportamientos que se pretenden reducir en la investigación de intervención sobre el autismo de caso único durante tres décadas.
  • Cuantificar los cambios en el uso del lenguaje en revistas y años.
  • Evaluar el movimiento del campo hacia una terminología estandarizada para los comportamientos que se pretenden reducir.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis bibliométrico de prevalencia de artículos de diseño experimental de caso único (SCED) en seis revistas sobre autismo/comportamiento problemático.
  • Revisión de artículos publicados en 1994, 2004, 2014 y 2024 (n=2326).
  • Análisis de 189 artículos que miden comportamientos que se pretenden reducir utilizando SCED y términos específicos relacionados con el comportamiento, con pruebas descriptivas y de Kruskal-Wallis.

Principales resultados:

  • La diversidad terminológica para los comportamientos que se pretenden reducir aumentó un 22% de 1994 a 2024.
  • El uso de "comportamiento problemático" disminuyó drásticamente, mientras que "comportamiento desafiante" aumentó marcadamente para 2024.
  • Se observaron diferencias significativas en el uso de la terminología entre años y revistas.

Conclusiones:

  • La investigación sobre el autismo presenta una creciente heterogeneidad en la terminología relacionada con el comportamiento, alejándose notablemente del "comportamiento problemático".
  • Estos cambios lingüísticos pueden estar influenciados por prácticas editoriales y factores socioculturales en lugar de evidencia empírica.
  • Se recomienda una mayor transparencia, coherencia y aportación de las partes interesadas para una comunicación científica y clínica más clara en la investigación sobre el autismo.