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Sesgo inicial de elevación en los síntomas de ansiedad infantil: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Micaela Meregalli1, Sigrid Elfström1, Albin Isaksson1
1Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet.
Psychological assessment
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
Niños
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Infantil y del Adolescente; Psicología Clínica; Psicometría
Sus antecedentes:
- Las puntuaciones de autoinforme de ansiedad en los niños pueden disminuir con el tiempo, pero esto puede deberse a una sobreestimación inicial (sesgo de elevación inicial) en lugar de una mejora real de los síntomas.; Comprender la fuente de los cambios en las puntuaciones es crucial para la evaluación precisa y la planificación de la intervención en la ansiedad pediátrica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente y meta-analizar los cambios en las puntuaciones de ansiedad informadas por niños y padres a lo largo de evaluaciones repetidas en grupos de control sin intervención.; Investigar la extensión y la naturaleza del sesgo de elevación inicial en las medidas de ansiedad pediátrica.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de 106 ensayos controlados aleatorizados (N = 9224 niños) que utilizan cuatro medidas comunes de ansiedad infantil.; Se incluyeron estudios con muestras comunitarias, de riesgo y clínicas, analizando la ansiedad calificada por niños y padres en múltiples puntos de tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- La ansiedad informada por los niños mostró disminuciones significativas entre la primera y la segunda evaluación (efecto promedio = -0.25) y disminuciones menores entre la segunda y la tercera (efecto promedio = -0.09).; La ansiedad informada por los padres también disminuyó entre la primera y la segunda evaluación (efecto promedio = -0.12).; Se observaron mayores disminuciones en muestras clínicas y de riesgo, y con medidas específicas.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos respaldan la presencia de un sesgo de elevación inicial, particularmente en la ansiedad informada por los niños, que no se explica únicamente por la maduración, la mejora real o la attrition.; Este sesgo complica la interpretación de las calificaciones de ansiedad y tiene implicaciones significativas para la práctica clínica y la investigación en ansiedad pediátrica.
Palabras clave:
ansiedad infantilsesgo de elevación inicialrevisión sistemáticametaanálisisevaluación repetidaMás Videos Relacionados
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